Multiple herbivores and coevolutionary interactions in an Ipomopsis hybrid swarm

Anderson, Lynn L.; Paige, Ken N.

doi:10.1023/a:1023066101074

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Deer and elk densities near the RMBL certainly seem to have increased dramatically over the past 30 years (personal observation). Finally, net selection on tolerance characters may involve herbivores other than ungulates (Juenger and Bergelson 1998;Anderson and Paige 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of viable seeds is reduced by a pre-dispersal seed predator, Hylemya sp. (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) that oviposits on elongated floral buds, as well as by lepidopteran herbivores (Brody 1992(Brody , 1997Juenger and Bergelson 1998;Anderson and Paige 2003). Seed set and pollen donation are also reduced by nectar-robbing bumblebees (B. occidentalis) because robbed flowers are avoided by hummingbirds (Irwin and Brody 1999), and perhaps also by pollen-eating flies and beetles.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does pollination limit tolerance to browsing in Ipomopsis aggregata ?

Sharaf

Price

2004

Oecologia

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Ungulate browsing of flowering stalks of the semelparous herb Ipomopsis aggregata leads to regrowth of lateral inflorescences, a response that has been reported to yield overcompensation in some cases (browsed plants with higher reproductive success than unbrowsed), but undercompensation in others. Little is known about the mechanisms that cause such variable tolerance to herbivory. We explored one possible mechanism--variation in effects of browsing on pollination--by clipping I. aggregata inflorescences to mimic browsing, observing subsequent visits by pollinators and nectar-robbers, and adding pollen by hand to flowers of some clipped and unclipped plants. Clipping reduced floral display size and increased inflorescence branching, but neither hummingbirds, the primary pollinators, nor nectar-robbing bumblebees showed any preference for unclipped versus clipped plants. Clipping delayed flowering; this shift in phenology caused clipped plants to miss the peak of hummingbird activity and to have lower per-flower visitation rates than unclipped controls in one year, but to have greater overlap with birds and higher visitation rates in the subsequent year. In three sites and 2 years, clipped plants exposed to natural pollination suffered extreme undercompensation, producing on average only 16% as many seeds as unclipped controls. This was not directly attributable to clipping effects on pollination, however, because clipped plants were unable to increase fecundity when provided with supplemental pollen by hand. Taken altogether, our results suggest that compensation was constrained less by indirect effects of browsing on pollination than by its direct impacts on resource availability and hence on the ability of plants to regrow lost inflorescence tissue and to fill seeds. Exploring the physiological and developmental processes involved in regrowth of inflorescences and provisioning of seeds is a promising future direction for research designed to understand variation in browsing tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does pollination limit tolerance to browsing in Ipomopsis aggregata ?

Sharaf

Price

2004

Oecologia

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“…Investigators of the evolutionary ecology of plant resistance to herbivory have increasingly stressed the importance of a community-level approach; that is, simultaneously studying the influence of multiple herbivores on a shared host species (Anderson and Paige 2003;Poitrineau et al 2003;Strauss and Irwin 2004;Johnson and Agrawal 2005;Strauss et al 2005). When more than one herbivore is considered, factors that either facilitate or constrain the evolution of resistance may emerge that would not be evident in pairwise plant-herbivore studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition among herbivores of Solanum carolinense as a constraint on the evolution of host-plant resistance

Wise

2007

Evol Ecol

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Interspecific competition (or facilitation) between herbivores sharing a host plant species can result in negative (or positive) correlations in damage levels, independent of a plant's genetic covariance in resistance to the herbivores. Just like genetic correlations in resistance to herbivory, these ''environmental correlations'' in damage may affect the evolution of resistance in the host plant. In a field study of 960 ramets and 40 genets of the herbaceous plant Solanum carolinense, I looked for evidence of such environmental correlations in damage caused by 11 species of herbivores, including 10 insects and 1 mammal. There were 28 significant correlations in damage levels between species (21 negative and 7 positive) after plant genetic influences on resistance were statistically removed. Negative environmental correlations were more likely between species that fed upon the same type of plant organs than between those that fed on different types of organs, and the magnitudes of the correlations were inversely proportional to the abundance of the organ types. Taken together, these results offer strong evidence that competition is largely responsible for the pattern of environmental correlations in damage. Environmental correlations were just as common as genetic correlations in resistance, but the environmental correlations tended to be lower in magnitude, were more likely to be negative, and were more evenly spread out among the herbivore community than the genetic correlations. Damage levels by all 11 species were negatively correlated with damage by at least one other species. Thus the selective advantage a plant would receive from increased resistance any of these herbivores would be partially negated by increased damage by competing herbivores. As a result, competition has the potential to be an important constraint on the evolution of resistance in S. carolinense.

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“…Our study addressed the following questions in a population known to consistently overcompensate (produce more seeds following browsing than 208when unbrowsed [Paige 1994, Gronemeyer et al 1997, Anderson and Paige 2003): Our study addressed the following questions in a population known to consistently overcompensate (produce more seeds following browsing than 208when unbrowsed [Paige 1994, Gronemeyer et al 1997, Anderson and Paige 2003):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction between scarlet gilia and their ungulate herbivores represents an ideal system for addressing these questions, as we have four years of background data on compensation from our study site (Paige 1994, Gronemeyer et al 1997, Anderson and Paige 2003. The interaction between scarlet gilia and their ungulate herbivores represents an ideal system for addressing these questions, as we have four years of background data on compensation from our study site (Paige 1994, Gronemeyer et al 1997, Anderson and Paige 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Effects of Drought on Compensation Following Herbivory in Scarlet Gilia

Levine

Paige

2004

Ecology

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Compensation following herbivory is an important element of plant defense; however, variation in compensation under naturally stressful conditions has yet to be evaluated directly. During Arizona's worst drought on record, we explored compensation following ungulate herbivory in a typically overcompensating population of scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata) near Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. In a natural survey of browsed and unbrowsed plants, we documented severe undercompensation. We tested two factors that potentially contributed to this atypical pattern: (1) the direct effect of drought stress on the capacity to compensate (following the typical single bout of herbivory) and (2) the indirect effect of drought stress on compensation through increased ungulate browsing. Using a 2 ϫ 2 factorial experiment (with or without supplemental water, with or without clipsimulated herbivory typical of non-drought years), we found that water availability limited compensation (direct effect). In a second experiment examining the indirect effects of drought, we found that ungulates browsed scarlet gilia at unprecedented levels during the drought year, resulting in severe undercompensation. We conclude that, although water was an important limiting factor for compensation during the drought year, the overriding factor determining fitness achieved through compensation was the indirect effect of drought, i.e., drought-year-associated ungulate browsing.

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Multiple herbivores and coevolutionary interactions in an Ipomopsis hybrid swarm

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Does pollination limit tolerance to browsing in Ipomopsis aggregata ?

Does pollination limit tolerance to browsing in Ipomopsis aggregata ?

Competition among herbivores of Solanum carolinense as a constraint on the evolution of host-plant resistance

Direct and Indirect Effects of Drought on Compensation Following Herbivory in Scarlet Gilia

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