Multiple Head Injuries in Rats: Effects on Behavior

DeRoss, Anthony L.; Adams, Julie E.; Vane, Dennis W.; Russell, Sheila; Terella, Adam; Wald, Steven L.

doi:10.1097/00005373-200204000-00017

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies have now administered repeated mFPIs (rmFPI) to rats to study the effects of rmTBI, and related conditions such as CTE. Findings from these studies indicate that rmFPIs induce cumulative and persisting cognitive, sensorimotor, and emotional abnormalities that occur in the presence of progressive cortical atrophy and neuronal loss, axonal injury, chronic neuroinflammation, alterations in excitatory synaptic neurotransmission, and impaired long-term potentiation (Aungst et al, 2014;DeRoss et al, 2002;Shultz et al, 2013Shultz et al, , 2012Wang et al, 2013;Webster et al, 2015). Many of these changes resemble the spectrum of abnormalities that have been reported in humans who have suffered rmTBIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Animal models allow for the rigorous investigation of pathophysiological changes (e.g., h-tau and PP2A) in mTBI and rmTBI, and for the assessment of novel pharmaceutical interventions that target these mechanisms. The single mild fluid percussion injury (mFPI) model in rats results in transient motor and cognitive deficits (DeRoss et al, 2002;Gurkoff et al, 2006;Hylin et al, 2013;Shultz et al, 2011), as well as abnormalities in sleep (Lim et al, 2013), electrophysiology (Aungst et al, 2014;Johnstone et al, 2014), and other behaviors (Shultz et al, 2011). A single mFPI also induces transient neuroinflammation, axonal injury, and reduced cerebral blood flow (Hylin et al, 2013;Shultz et al, 2012Shultz et al, , 2011, but does not result in significant neuronal loss, visible brain contusion, focal lesion, or enduring cognitive and behavioral impairments (Aungst et al, 2014;Gurkoff et al, 2006;Hylin et al, 2013;Shultz et al, 2012Shultz et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium selenate, a protein phosphatase 2A activator, mitigates hyperphosphorylated tau and improves repeated mild traumatic brain injury outcomes

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium selenate, a protein phosphatase 2A activator, mitigates hyperphosphorylated tau and improves repeated mild traumatic brain injury outcomes

et al. 2016

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“…DeRoss and colleagues (2002) studied repeated concussions in adult male rats and demonstrated a return baseline performance in Morris water maze by 10 to 14 days after injury. Unexpectedly, they observed a decrease in the number of trials needed to return to baseline latency in the Morris water maze with multiple concussions (DeRoss et al, 2002), perhaps attributable to a training effect. Laurer and colleagues (2001) examined a shorter inter-injury interval and demonstrated increased deficits in the adult mice that received two injuries 24 h apart compared to those with a single injury.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Currently there is a paucity of age-specific data about mechanisms for primary traumatic brain injury in children. Furthermore, clinical studies and observations, supported by data from mice and rat models, have suggested cumulative effects of repeated mild head injury (Laurer et al, 2001;DeRoss et al, 2002;Guskiewicz et al, 2003Guskiewicz et al, , 2005McCrea et al, 2003;Longhi et al, 2005;Huh et al, 2007). Recent evidence supports that neuropsychological deficits following single and repeated mild traumatic brain injury is a common problem in adults and children (De Monte et al, 2005;Barrow et al, 2006;Iverson et al, 2006;Wall et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 96%

Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Composite Cognitive Function in Piglets

Friess

Ichord

Ralston

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotrauma

103

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Cumulative effects of repetitive mild head injury in the pediatric population are unknown. We have developed a cognitive composite dysfunction score that correlates white matter injury severity in neonatal piglets with neurobehavioral assessments of executive function, memory, learning, and problem solving. Anesthetized 3-to 5-day-old piglets were subjected to single (n ¼ 7), double one day apart (n ¼ 7), and double one week apart (n ¼ 7) moderate (190 rad=s) rapid non-impact axial rotations of the head and compared to instrumented shams (n ¼ 7). Animals experiencing two head rotations one day apart had a significantly higher mortality rate (43%) compared to the other groups and had higher failures rates in visual-based problem solving compared to instrumented shams. White matter injury, assessed by b-APP staining, was significantly higher in the double one week apart group compared to that with single injury and sham. Worsening performance on cognitive composite score correlated well with increasing severity of white matter axonal injury. In our immature large animal model of TBI, two head rotations produced poorer outcome as assessed by neuropathology and neurobehavioral functional outcomes compared to that with single rotations. More importantly, we have observed an increase in injury severity and mortality when the head rotations occur 24 h apart compared to 7 days apart. These observations have important clinical translation to infants subjected to repeated inflicted head trauma.

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“…LUCID [7][8][9] Our data indicate that the initial neurologic presentation of children with fatal head injury also depended on age. In the youngest children (Ͻ24 months old), those with inflicted injury were 10 times more likely to present with a moderate GCS score than those in MVCs.…”

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confidence: 66%

Initial Neurologic Presentation in Young Children Sustaining Inflicted and Unintentional Fatal Head Injuries

Arbogast

Margulies²,

Christian

2005

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Background. It remains unclear if fatal brain injuries in young children are characterized by immediate rapid deterioration or can present after an initial period of lucidity. This issue has legal implications in child abuse, for which understanding the clinical course affects perpetrator identification.Objective. To determine patterns of neurologic presentation on hospital admission in infants and toddlers who die of inflicted and unintentional injury.Design/Methods. Data on children <48 months of age who sustained a fatal head injury from 1986 -2002 were extracted from the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study. Only those with external-causes-of-injury codes for inflicted injury, falls, and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) with a recorded Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission were included. The GCS was compared across mechanisms and age groups (0 -11, 12-23, 24 -35, and 36 -47 months).Results. Of the 314 fatally injured children, 37% sustained inflicted injury, 13% sustained a fall, and 49% sustained an MVC. At admission, 6.8% of all children had a GCS score of >7, and 1.9% presented with a GCS score of >12 (lucid). The incidence of admission a GCS score of >7 varied by mechanism. Overall, children with inflicted injury were 3 times more likely to present with a GCS score of >7 than those injured in MVCs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-10.3), but incidence of a GCS score of >7 did not differ between inflicted injuries and falls. Similarly, when considering only those children >24 months old, a GCS score of >7 did not differ by mechanism. In contrast, in those <24 months old, children who died as a result of inflicted injury were >10 times more likely to have a GCS score of >7 than those who died as a result of a MVC (OR: 9.36; 95% CI: 1.3-80.9).Conclusions. The data suggest an age-and mechanism-dependent presentation of neurologic status in children with fatal head injury. Although infrequent, young victims of fatal head trauma may present as lucid (GCS score: >12) before death. Furthermore, children <48 months old sustaining inflicted injury are 3 times more likely to be assessed with a moderate GCS score

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Multiple Head Injuries in Rats: Effects on Behavior

Abstract: Multiple concussions cause immediate transient impairment in spatial recognition and have extended effects on baseline performance in rats. Motor performance is not affected.

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Sodium selenate, a protein phosphatase 2A activator, mitigates hyperphosphorylated tau and improves repeated mild traumatic brain injury outcomes

Sodium selenate, a protein phosphatase 2A activator, mitigates hyperphosphorylated tau and improves repeated mild traumatic brain injury outcomes

Repeated Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Composite Cognitive Function in Piglets

Initial Neurologic Presentation in Young Children Sustaining Inflicted and Unintentional Fatal Head Injuries

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