Multiple frontal systems controlling response speed

Timing a week later: The role of long-term memory in temporal preparation

“…Most inquiries have started from the idea that the increase of temporal preparation is closely related to the hazard function (e.g., Nobre, Correa, & Coull, 2007;Vallesi, Lozano, & Correa, 2013), which describes the increasing conditional probability of S2 occurrence over time, given that it has not occurred yet (e.g., Luce, 1986). In particular, there exists a close reciprocal relationship between current hazard and mean RT across a variety of foreperiod distributions (Coull, 2009;Cui, Stetson, Montague, & Eagleman, 2009;Janssen & Shadlen, 2005;Näätänen, 1971;Trillenberg et al, 2000), which has led to the widespread belief that hazard drives temporal preparation or temporal expectancy (e.g., Coull, Cheng, & Meck, 2011;Niemi & Näätänen, 1981;Stuss et al, 2005;Vallesi et al, 2013;Vallesi & Shallice, 2007).…”

Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients

“…This switching between the right and the left button irrespective of the outcome associated with the response can best be described as response perseveration, which may reflect a combination of pressure to act and inability to generate alternative response sequences. [20] As shown in a neuropsychological study conducted by Stuss et al 2005, the patients with lesions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right DLPFC) fail to show the typical FP effect, unlike both control participants and other subgroups of prefrontal patients. Stuss et al 2005 suggested that the right DLPFC is likely to be the region responsible for the strategic process producing the FP effect, which controls the state of preparedness by checking the conditional probability of imperative stimulus occurrence.…”

“…[20] As shown in a neuropsychological study conducted by Stuss et al 2005, the patients with lesions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right DLPFC) fail to show the typical FP effect, unlike both control participants and other subgroups of prefrontal patients. Stuss et al 2005 suggested that the right DLPFC is likely to be the region responsible for the strategic process producing the FP effect, which controls the state of preparedness by checking the conditional probability of imperative stimulus occurrence. The right DLPFC seems to be the location of a process critical for the FP effect because patients with lesions of this region do not show the typical FP effect.…”

“…The right DLPFC seems to be the location of a process critical for the FP effect because patients with lesions of this region do not show the typical FP effect. [21,22] Dysregulation of DLPFC is thought to be central to the neurophysiology of schizophrenia. The link between DLPFC dysfunction and disrupted working memory is a prominent feature of leading cognitive neuroscience models of schizophrenia, which propose that working memory disturbances disrupt guidance of ongoing behavior and lead to the cognitive fractionation and psychiatric symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia.…”

Cognitive training in the rural elderly: A randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy and accessibility of a new approach.

“…Initiation-an executivebased measure subserved by the superior frontal lobe (Stuss et al, 2005)-was presumably strengthened by the executive training module, at levels sufficient to yield improvements for the DAD as a whole. A related issue arises as to whether the training-induced benefits are the result of the program as a whole, secondary to one of the modules, or due to some dynamic interplay between the modules.…”