Multiple Effects of Home and Day Care Crowding

Maxwell, Lorraine E.

doi:10.1177/0013916596284004

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1 In terms of health outcomes, low-income children are also more likely to live in seriously overcrowded households, defined as more than one person per room (see Figure 3 above). The adverse impacts of residential crowding are exacerbated among children in more crowded daycare facilities (86).…”

Section: Educational Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure

Evans

Kantrowitz

2002

Annu. Rev. Public Health

993

616

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Key Words environmental justice, income, socioeconomic status, poverty, environmental risk s Abstract Among several viable explanations for the ubiquitous SES-health gradient is differential exposure to environmental risk. We document evidence of inverse relations between income and other indices of SES with environmental risk factors including hazardous wastes and other toxins, ambient and indoor air pollutants, water quality, ambient noise, residential crowding, housing quality, educational facilities, work environments, and neighborhood conditions. We then briefly overview evidence that such exposures are inimical to health and well-being. We conclude with a discussion of the research and policy implications of environmental justice, arguing that a particularly salient feature of poverty for health consequences is exposure to multiple environmental risk factors. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH: THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EXPOSURESatisfactory explanation for the ubiquitous socioeconomic status-health gradient remains elusive, suggesting, in part, that an adequate model of this relation is probably complex and multifaceted (1, 81). In this paper we provide an overview of data indicating that income is inversely correlated with exposure to suboptimal environmental conditions. By environmental conditions we mean the physical properties of the ambient and immediate surroundings of children, youth, and families, including pollutants, toxins, noise, and crowding as well as exposure to settings such as housing, schools, work environments, and neighborhoods. We also briefly cite evidence that each of these environmental factors, in turn, is linked to health. The implicit conceptual model under discussion is as follows (Figure 1): As can be seen above, what we discuss is evidence for two necessary prerequisites for this model to be valid-namely that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with environmental quality and, in turn, that environmental quality affects health. This is not equivalent, however, to the conclusion that SES effects on health are caused

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Section: Educational Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure

Evans

Kantrowitz

2002

Annu. Rev. Public Health

993

616

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“…Children use more complex language, make more initiations, and take longer turns in routines than in nonroutines [Conti-Ramsden and Freil-Patti, 1986]. Designing an overall positive learning environment may not be sufficient to meet the needs of young children with disabilities in the classroom [Maxwell, 1996]. These young children may require specific coaching and reinforcement, language, social skill and behavioral interventions, or adapted teaching strategies.…”

Section: Classrooms As Communication Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting communication in young children with developmental disabilities

Kaiser

Hester

McDuffie

2001

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

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The behavior of parents, adult caregivers, and peers comprises the critical features of community support for the development of communication in young children with developmental disabilities. In a bio-ecological model of development, communication development is the result of the interactions of individuals with specific characteristics, in particular contexts over time. From the perspective of this model, foundational findings of intervention research to current views of communication development in children with developmental disabilities are summarized. The contributions of individual child characteristics to child-caregiver interactions that support language development are illustrated based on research with children who have autism, Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and children who use augmentative communication systems. Parent-child interaction and the quality and quantity of parent talk are discussed as factors in children's language development. The effects of young children's delayed language on their interactions with peers, the contributions of peers to children's language learning and use, and the critical features of classroom settings that support child language development are reviewed. MRDD Research Reviews 7:143-150, 2001.

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“…Maxwell, 1996;Evans and Saegert, 2000), institutional buildings such as jails, or in laboratory settings (e.g. Baum and Koman, 1976;Nagar et al, 1988), the conclusions were that high density in any setting has mainly negative emotional and cognitive effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In recent years researchers have focused on the psychological stress engendered by high density (Evans and Saegert, 2000;Evans Lercher and Kofler, 2002), and on coping with the stress associated with crowding. Current studies (Maxwell, 1996;Bonnes et al, 1991) also explore the consequences or effects of crowding in real-life situations, such as housing, school or kindergarten, i.e. long-term stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High density neighborhoods: Who enjoys them?

Mitrany

2005

GeoJournal

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To date, research into the subjective aspects of high density has focused mainly on the negative consequences of overcrowding. This study, in contrast, outlines some of the positive aspects of high density in neighborhoods, exploring the physical-spatial environment of two neighborhoods in the city of Haifa, Israel. It was found that while the relatively high residential density was similar in both neighborhoods (40 housing units per acre), this was more positively evaluated in one neighborhood as compared to the other. This can be attributed to some specific environmental and planning features. In particular, where physical planning enabled the potential advantages of high density to be realized, this was positively perceived and evaluated by local residents. Such advantages mainly comprised accessibility to a variety of services, more frequent public transportation, and access to open spaces within walking distance. Particularly advantageous were the increased opportunities for social gathering. At the same time, however, high density did not foster social relationships on the neighborhood level. The study further identified the gender and age groups that benefited most from the high density. Thus, women evaluated high density more positively than men. Young families with children and senior citizens (over 65) were also more likely to benefit, and to evaluate the high density environment more positively than other social groups.

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Multiple Effects of Home and Day Care Crowding

Cited by 86 publications

References 15 publications

Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure

Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure

Supporting communication in young children with developmental disabilities

High density neighborhoods: Who enjoys them?

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