Multiple drug resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella isolated from diarrhoeic children at Kapsabet County referral hospital, Kenya

Abstract

Background Diarrhoea is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years old. In Kenya, it has a 21% case fatality with Enteropathogenic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. accounting for 50–60% of the cases. Sulphonamides, tetracycline, ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are typically used in the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases but have become ineffective in the face of emerging antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella species in children under five years of age presenting with diarrhoea at Kapsabet County Referral Hospital in Kenya. Methods Faecal samples were collected from 139 children admitted with diarrhoea. Each sample was examined macroscopically for colour, texture, and presence of extraneous material. The samples were then cultured for bacterial growth. Observed bacterial growth was isolated and identified by a series of biochemical tests. Resistance patterns were also evaluated using the Kirby – Bauer Disk diffusion method. The chi – square test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to establish statistical significance. Results Approximately 33.1% of the total faecal samples tested were positive for enteric pathogens. Shigella spp. demonstrated resistance to erythromycin (91.7%), doxycyclin (83.3%), ampicillin (82.1%), cotrimoxazole (73.1%), minocycline (66.7%) and cefuroxime (54.2%). Campylobacter jejuni also exhibited resistance to erythromycin (87.5%), doxycyclin (75%), ampicillin (73.7%), cotrimoxazole (73.3%) and minocycline (68.8%). Conclusions The resistance patterns of Shigella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni reported in this study necessitates the need for a comprehensive multiregional investigation to evaluate the geographical prevalence and antimicrobial resistance distributions of these microorganisms. These findings also support the need for the discovery and development of effective therapeutic alternatives. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. Certificate No. 00762

Campylobacter Jejuni and Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Under- Five Children with Gastroenteritis in Northwest Ethiopia

“…The overall prevalence of C. jejuni was calculated at 14.8%. This nding was comparable with other studies reported in Jimma Ethiopia [23] and Gondar Ethiopia [13], kenya [24] with the isolation rates of 11.9% and 14%, 12.9% respectively. However, the present study showed higher prevalence compared to other African studies conducted in Sudan, 2% [38], Burkina Faso, 1.1% [39] and Zambia,3.5% [40].…”

“…The prevalence of C. jejuni infection among U5C vary geographically. For instance, the prevalence of C. jejuni was 4%, 7.7%, 8.4%, 8.9%, 11.9%, 12.9% and 14% in the study from India, Brazil, Poland, Jimma Ethiopia, Kenya, and Gondar Ethiopia, respectively [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…The prevalence of C. jejuni infection among U5C vary geographically. For instance, the prevalence of C. jejuni was 4%, 7.7%, 8.4%, 8.9%, 11.9%, 12.9% and 14% in the study from India, Brazil, Poland, Jimma Ethiopia, Kenya, and Gondar Ethiopia, respectively [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Antibacterial treatment is necessary for severe campylobacteriosis like infections especially in immunosuppressed patients and long-lasting infections.…”

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by a PCR assay in Patients with Diarrhea

“…caused bloody diarrheal constituted 16.2% of the total diarrheal Consistency (26) . On another hand, Compared to a study conducted by Zachariah et althe rate varies significantly the highest percentage being mucous (68%) and the lowest ratio (18%) of watery (27) .…”

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Shigella Bivalent Conjugate Vaccine (ZF0901) in 3-Month- to 5-Year-Old Children in China

“…Shigellosis remains a common, serious, and increasingly difficult-to-treat disease, especially because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains [1][2][3][4]. For example, a survey in 2016 showed that there were an estimated more than 269 million cases of shigellosis with over 212,000 deaths, of which about 74 million cases of shigellosis were in children younger than 5 years old and caused more than 63,000 deaths [5].…”