We perform a parameter-free calculation for the high-energy proton-nucleus scattering based on the Glauber theory. A complete evaluation of the so-called Glauber amplitude is made by using the factorization of the single-particle wave functions. The multiple-scattering or multistep processes are fully taken into account within the Glauber theory. We demonstrate that proton-12 C, 20 Ne, and 28 Si elastic and inelastic scattering (J π = 0 + → 2 + and 0 + → 4 + ) processes are very well described in a wide range of the incident energies from ∼ 50 MeV to ∼ 1 GeV. We evaluate the validity of a simple one-step approximation and find that the approximation works fairly well for the inelastic 0 + → 2 + processes but not for 0 + → 4 + where the multistep processes become more important.As an application, we quantify the difference between the total reaction and interaction cross sections of proton-12 C, 20 Ne, and 28 Si collisions.