Multiple-cue probabilistic learning in spider-fearful and in panic-prone individuals

Kopp, Bruno; Altmann, René; Hermann, Christiane

doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(03)00023-5

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our earlier finding of a lack of covariation bias in MCPL when mixed motivational contexts were applied (Kopp et al, 2003) concurs well with this conclusion. Furthermore, the conclusion also agrees with results in the available literature on covariation bias in other paradigms in which the use of aversively biased motivational-affective contexts is the rule (Tomarken et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…To begin with, the phobia-related effects on the contingency ratings replicated those of an earlier study (Kopp et al, 2003). In particular, animal-fearful individuals did not overestimate the contingencies between phobia-related and aversive stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Most importantly, the deleterious influence of such an invalid cue depended on its salience, because a valid cue was utilized even less when highly salient rather than less salient invalid cues were used. Kopp, Altmann, and Hermann (2003) analyzed MCPL in spider-fearful individuals. Pictures of household goods formed the valid category, whereas pictures of spiders represented the invalid category.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive effects of phobia-related stimuli in animal-fearful individuals

Kopp¹,

Altmann

2005

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Two experiments were conducted to explore neurocognitive effects of phobia-related stimuli. Contingency assessments and event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected from animal-fearful individuals during probabilistic classification learning in diverse motivational-affective contexts. As revealed by ERPs, attentional amplification of cortical sensory processing occurred in response to phobiarelated stimuli. In particular, the posterior selection negativity in the ERPs to phobia-related stimuli had its origin in a bottom-up route, probably the amygdaloid-extrastriate cortex path. No evidence for top-down modulation of phobia-related attentional amplification was obtained. The covariation bias occurred only when aversive motivational-affective expectancies prevailed, suggesting a role of retrieval from associative emotional memory. Finally, phobia-related cue competition was probably related to the disruption of elaboration in memory of neutral and aversive stimulus pairings that was induced by belonging pairings of phobia-related and aversive stimuli. The findings have far-reaching implications for the interface between cognition and emotion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive effects of phobia-related stimuli in animal-fearful individuals

Kopp¹,

Altmann

2005

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Appropriate further research is required. Note, that we described-possibly similarinterference effects of phobic fear on the acquisition of associations between fearirrelevant stimuli and aversive events in an earlier article (Kopp, Altmann, & Hermann, 2003). Both hypotheses agree that phobic fear interferes with memory retrieval, and both hypotheses led to identical predictions for the current generalization-after-discrimination paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Memory–emotional interactions as revealed by fear generalization in animal-fearful individuals

Kopp¹,

Schlimm

Hermann

2005

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…Assessment of participants' expectancies Kopp et al (2003) Probability questionnaire Lavy et al (1990) VAS (0 = not aversive at all -100 = extremely aversive) Ly and Roelofs (2009) VAS (0 = no aversive stimuli expected À100 = aversive stimuli expected) McNally and Heatherton (1993) "What percentage of the flower slides will be followed by shock?" (0% -100%) Menzies and Clarke (1995) Likert scale "How anxious would you feel?"…”

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Match or mismatch? The impact of expected fear on experienced fear during exposure.

Hilleke¹,

Lang²,

Helbig-Lang³

2021

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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Expectancies are assumed to play an essential role in the maintenance and treatment of anxiety disorders. The present review aimed to systematically summarize studies examining the effects of expectancies as suggested by the match-mismatch model of fear (Rachman, 1994). A total of 50 articles were included. The findings largely supported core assumptions of the match-mismatch theory. The majority of studies verified the existence of an overprediction bias in anxiety disorders and a reduction of both expected and actually experienced level of fear with repeated exposures. There was some evidence, that an increasingly accurate prediction of fear was associated with reductions in real fear. New research directions and clinical implications are proposed to further develop treatment strategies for anxiety disorders. Public Health Significance StatementExposure therapy is highly effective as a treatment of anxiety disorders. However, mechanisms of change remain unclear. Cognitive processes, such as expectancies, might be one important factor for treatment success. The manuscript summarizes findings on fear-related expectancies and their violation within the context of exposure therapy. Patients with anxiety disorders tend to overpredict fear in situations, and this overprediction subsides with repeated exposure. There is a possible connection between a more accurate prediction of fear and exposure therapy outcome. This manuscript underlines the importance of incorporating expectancies in the evaluation of the therapy process.

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Multiple-cue probabilistic learning in spider-fearful and in panic-prone individuals

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Neurocognitive effects of phobia-related stimuli in animal-fearful individuals

Neurocognitive effects of phobia-related stimuli in animal-fearful individuals

Memory–emotional interactions as revealed by fear generalization in animal-fearful individuals

Match or mismatch? The impact of expected fear on experienced fear during exposure.

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