Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums

Dunn, Olive Jean

doi:10.1080/00401706.1964.10490181

Cited by 3,145 publications

(978 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

858

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We used the Friedman Test to examine changes in behavior and in T levels across the treatment period. Post-hoc analysis was performed with a Dunn's multiple comparison test (Dunn, 1964). In particular, we compared behavior between the first and last week of flutamide treatment, and T levels between the first week of T treatment and the end of the flutamide treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we compared behavior between the first and last week of flutamide treatment, and T levels between the first week of T treatment and the end of the flutamide treatment. We limited the paired comparison to two time points because the power of the Dunn's test depends on the number of paired comparisons (Dunn, 1964;Siegel and Castellan, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Androgen and the elaborate courtship behavior of a tropical lekking bird

Fusani

Day

Canoine

et al. 2007

Hormones and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen and the elaborate courtship behavior of a tropical lekking bird

Fusani

Day

Canoine

et al. 2007

Hormones and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This test was selected in preference to its parametric analogues on account of the relatively small number of animals per group (10) and possible non-normalities in the distribution of metastases. Where significant differences were detected among the 4 groups, pairwise tests were computed according to the method of Dunn (1964).…”

Section: Effect Of Tumour Cell Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stereoisomers related to ICRF-159 on metastasis of B16 melanoma

Zwilling¹,

Campolito²,

Reiches³

et al. 1981

Br J Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary.-The antitumour effects of ICRF-159 and related analogues were evaluated using the B16 melanoma. Treatment of mice with ICRF-159 inhibited tumour growth, while each of the analogues, trans-4,41-(1,2-cyclopropandiyl) bis (2,6-piperazinedione) (trans-5), and cis-4,41-(1,2-cyclopropandiyl) bis (2,6-piperazinedione) (cis-7) independently accelerated primary tumour growth. Pretreatment of B16 melanoma cultures either with ICRF-159 or the analogue cis-7 decreased the yield of lung-colonies following i.v. injection of tumour cells. In contrast, pretreatment of tumour cells with the trans-5 analogue led to an increase in lung colonies. The effect on colony formation in vitro of these analogues correlated with increased growth in vivo, and not with lung colony formation.PREVIOUS REPORTS from these laboratories have shown that ICRF-159 and analogue trans-5 stimulated the growth of a hamster adenocarcinoma of the lung, whereas ICRF-159 and Analogue cis-7 had no effect on primary tumour growth. The results also suggested that Analogue cis-7 reduced metastasis of this tumour model whilst trans-5 stimulated it (Witiak et al., 1978). Since ICRF-159 is active against a variety of tumours (Adamson, 1975;Atherton, 1975), and has been reported to inhibit metastasis to the lung of subcutaneously growing Lewis lung carcinoma (LeServe & Hellmann, 1972;Salsbury et al., 1970), this stereochemical effect on tumour growth and metastasis is particularly significant. As a prerequisite to mechanism studies we have re-examined the activity of these compounds, using the syngeneic B 16-Fl and F 10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice (Fidler & Nicholson, 1976 Fig. 1) were studied to throw light on the specificity of the apparent stereoselective effect. The results described in this article are compared to those previously reported by Lazo et al. (1978), who observed that ICRF-159 treatment of B16 melanoma cells in culture significantly increased their lung-colony formation in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals.-Male, C57BL/6J mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, when 5 weeks old. The animals were housed 20 per cage and given food and water ad libitum. Mice were used when 8-12 weeks of age.Tumours. The B16-Fl and B16-FIO melanoma tumour cells were kindly provided by Dr Isiah J. Fidler. The B16-F1 cell line forms few lung colonies when injected i.v., whereas (orre.;Pondence to: Bruce S. Zvilling, The

show abstract

“…21,22 Because some had a skewed distribution, we used the Kruskal-Wallis sum rank test for between group comparisons, utilizing Dunn's test for pair-wise comparisons if overall significance occurred. 23 Because there are not acceptable methods for covariate adjustments using the Kruskal-Wallace method, we compared patient characteristics and workload for teams with varying levels of sensemaking using a general linear modeling approach to ensure that there were not systematic differences that could impact our results. All models were run using SAS software.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Sensemaking During Physician Team Rounds and Hospitalized Patients’ Outcomes

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Sensemaking is the social act of assigning meaning to ambiguous events. It is recognized as a means to achieve high reliability. We sought to assess sensemaking in daily patient care through examining how inpatient teams round and discuss patients. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the association between inpatient physician team sensemaking and hospitalized patients' outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), unnecessary length of stay (ULOS), and complication rates. DESIGN: Eleven inpatient medicine teams' daily rounds were observed for 2 to 4 weeks. Rounds were audiotaped, and field notes taken. Four patient discussions per team were assessed using a standardized Situation, Task, Intent, Concern, Calibrate (STICC) framework. PARTICIPANTS: Inpatient physician teams at the teaching hospitals affiliated with the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio participated in the study. Outcomes of patients admitted to the teams were included. MAIN MEASURES: Sensemaking was assessed based on the order in which patients were seen, purposeful rounding, patient-driven rounding, and individual patient discussions. We assigned teams a score based on the number of STICC elements used in the four patient discussions sampled. The association between sensemaking and outcomes was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis sum rank and Dunn's tests. KEY RESULTS: Teams rounded in several different ways. Five teams rounded purposefully, and four based rounds on patient-driven needs. Purposeful and patient-driven rounds were significantly associated with lower complication rates. Varying the order in which patients were seen and purposefully rounding were significantly associated with lower LOS, and purposeful and patient-driven rounds associated with lower ULOS. Use of a greater number of STICC elements was associated with significantly lower LOS (4.6 vs. 5.7, p=0.01), ULOS (0.3 vs. 0.6, p=0.02), and complications (0.2 vs. 0.5, p=0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Improving sensemaking may be a strategy for improving patient outcomes, fostering a shared understanding of a patient's clinical trajectory, and enabling high reliability.

show abstract

Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums

Cited by 3,145 publications

References 6 publications

Androgen and the elaborate courtship behavior of a tropical lekking bird

Androgen and the elaborate courtship behavior of a tropical lekking bird

Effect of stereoisomers related to ICRF-159 on metastasis of B16 melanoma

The Association Between Sensemaking During Physician Team Rounds and Hospitalized Patients’ Outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About