Multiple Cold-Water Immersions Attenuate Muscle Damage but not Alter Systemic Inflammation and Muscle Function Recovery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Siqueira, Angelina Freitas; Vieira, Amilton; Bottaro, Martim; Júnior, João Batista Ferreira; Nóbrega, Otávio de Tolêdo; Souza, Vinícius Carolino; Marqueti, Rita de Cássia; Babault, Nicolas; Durigan, João Luíz Quagliotti

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28942-5

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Most commonly CWI occurs in water temperatures of 15°C or less for a single duration of 15 min or less (Leeder et al, 2012 ). Evidence supports the use of CWI for accelerating recovery of soreness (Barnett, 2006 ; Bailey et al, 2007 ; Montgomery et al, 2008 ; Ingram et al, 2009 ; Pournot et al, 2010 ; Hausswirth and Le Meur, 2011 ; Pointon et al, 2011 ; Bleakley et al, 2012 ; Leeder et al, 2012 ; Minett et al, 2012 ; Pointon and Duffield, 2012 ; Elias et al, 2013 ; Poppendieck et al, 2013 ; Hohenauer et al, 2015 ; Machado et al, 2015 ; Ihsan et al, 2016 ; Siqueira et al, 2018 ). There is also some evidence to support the use of CWI for accelerating recovery of blood markers of muscle damage (Leeder et al, 2012 ; Hohenauer et al, 2015 ; Siqueira et al, 2016 ; Dupuy et al, 2018 ) and inflammation (Vieira Ramos et al, 2016 ; Dupuy et al, 2018 ), as well as functional recovery (Vaile et al, 2008 ; Leeder et al, 2019 ) following exercise.…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Don't Lose Your Cool With Cryotherapy: The Application of Phase Change Material for Prolonged Cooling in Athletic Recovery and Beyond

Kwiecien

McHugh

Howatson

2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Strenuous exercise can result in muscle damage in both recreational and elite athletes, and is accompanied by strength loss, and increases in soreness, oxidative stress, and inflammation. If the aforementioned signs and symptoms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage are excessive or unabated, the recovery process becomes prolonged and can result in performance decrements; consequently, there has been a great deal of research focussing on accelerating recovery following exercise. A popular recovery modality is cryotherapy which results in a reduction of tissue temperature by the withdrawal of heat from the body. Cryotherapy is advantageous because of its ability to reduce tissue temperature at the site of muscle damage. However, there are logistical limitations to traditional cryotherapy modalities, such as cold-water immersion or whole-body cryotherapy, because they are limited by the duration for which they can be administered in a single dose. Phase change material (PCM) at a temperature of 15°C can deliver a single dose of cooling for a prolonged duration in a practical, efficacious, and safe way; hence overcoming the limitations of traditional cryotherapy modalities. Recently, 15°C PCM has been locally administered following isolated eccentric exercise, a soccer match, and baseball pitching, for durations of 3–6 h with no adverse effects. These data showed that using 15°C PCM to prolong the duration of cooling successfully reduced strength loss and soreness following exercise. Extending the positive effects associated with cryotherapy by prolonging the duration of cooling can enhance recovery following exercise and give athletes a competitive advantage.

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Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Don't Lose Your Cool With Cryotherapy: The Application of Phase Change Material for Prolonged Cooling in Athletic Recovery and Beyond

Kwiecien

McHugh

Howatson

2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Exercising and assessment of leg muscles are commonly conducted in the area of post-exercise cooling studies, which clearly demonstrate a high relevance of optimal recovery strategies, especially for the knee extensor muscles (Bleakley et al, 2012 ; Costello et al, 2015 ). High-intensity or unaccustomed exercise can induce delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), which has been investigated by several research groups over the last decade (Adamczyk et al, 2016 ; Fonseca et al, 2016 ; Hohenauer et al, 2018 ; Siqueira et al, 2018 ; de Freitas et al, 2019 ). CWI is reported to attenuate DOMS to a significant extent, reducing the symptoms of DOMS (up to 96 h) compared to passive control interventions (Hohenauer et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular Temperature Changes in the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle After Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion (10°C for 10 min): A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Freitag

Clijsen

Deflorin

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is a widely accepted recovery strategy for maintaining physical performance output. However, existing review articles about the effects of CWI commonly pool data from very heterogenous study designs and thus, do rarely differentiate between different muscles, different CWI-protocols (duration, temperature, etc.), different forms of activating the muscles before CWI, and different thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. This systematic review therefore aimed to investigate the effects of one particular post-exercise CWI protocol (10°C for 10 min) on intramuscular temperature changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle while accounting for skinfold thickness. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, LIVIVO, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases. Pooled data on intramuscular temperature changes were plotted with respect to intramuscular depth to visualize the influence of skinfold thickness. Spearman's rho (rs) was used to assess a possible linear association between skinfold thickness and intramuscular temperature changes. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CWI on pre-post intramuscular temperature for each measurement depth. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Maximum intramuscular temperature reduction was 6.40°C with skinfold thickness of 6.50 mm at a depth of 1 cm, 4.50°C with skinfold thickness of 11.00 mm at a depth of 2 cm, and only 1.61°C with skinfold thickness of 10.79 mm at a depth of 3 cm. However, no significant correlations between skinfold thickness and intramuscular temperature reductions were observed at a depth of 1 cm (rs = 0.0), at 2 cm (rs = −0.8) and at 3 cm (rs = −0.5; all p > 0.05). The CWI protocol resulted in significant temperature reductions in the muscle tissue layers at 1 cm (d = −1.92 [95% CI: −3.01 to −0.83] and 2 cm (d = −1.63 [95% CI: −2.20 to −1.06]) but not at 3 cm (p < 0.05). Skinfold thickness and thus, subcutaneous adipose tissue, seems to influence temperature reductions in the muscle tissue only to a small degree. These findings might be useful for practitioners as they demonstrate different intramuscular temperature reductions after a specific post-exercise CWI protocol (10°C for 10 min) in the quadriceps femoris muscle.

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“…there was only one tub with space for one person in the recovery centre and the CWI had to be completed by three players at the same time), an interval-like immersion protocol was used in this study. Although this protocol was shown to effectively promote restoration of recovery measures in intermittent sport athletes (Montgomery et al, 2008) and has been used multiple times throughout the testing periods (Siqueira et al, 2018), it may not present the optimal CWI protocol, and therefore, as part of MMR, may not have affected perceptual, physiological, and physical recovery throughout the tennis tournament.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery during and after a simulated multi‐day tennis tournament: Combining active recovery, stretching, cold‐water immersion, and massage interventions

Wiewelhove

Szwajca

Busch

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mixed-method recovery intervention (MMR) consisting of active recovery, stretching, cold-water immersion, and massage on physical, technical, physiological, and perceptual recovery during and after a five-day simulated tennis tournament. Nine competitive male tennis players (age, 24.6±4.2 years) with national ranking positions (German Tennis Federation) and Universal Tennis Ratings between approximately 11-13 participated in two singles tennis tournaments, which were separated by a three-month washout period. During the tournaments, participants played five two-and-a-half-hour competitive singles tennis match on five consecutive days. For the assignment to one of two groups, athletes were matched into homogeneous pairs according to their ranking. Then, within each pair, the players were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group performed MMR during the first tournament, whereas the other group used passive recovery (PAS). During the second tournament, recovery conditions were interchanged. Measures of physical and technical performance as well as physiological and perceptual responses (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion) were recorded during match-play sessions. Furthermore, muscle soreness, perceived recovery state, blood markers, countermovement jump height (CMJ), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were determined before, during, and after the five-day tournament periods. Results showed significant changes over time (P < 0.05) in muscle soreness, perceived recovery state, creatine kinase, c-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor 1, and countermovement jump height. However, no significant differences or recovery strategy x time interactions were noted either for tennis-specific performance (e.g. number of total points won) or any other of the measured parameters between MMR and PAS (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the repeated use of MMR during and after a five-day tennis tournament did not affect match performance, match load, or recovery from repeated days of tennis match play.

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Multiple Cold-Water Immersions Attenuate Muscle Damage but not Alter Systemic Inflammation and Muscle Function Recovery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 38 publications

References 55 publications

Don't Lose Your Cool With Cryotherapy: The Application of Phase Change Material for Prolonged Cooling in Athletic Recovery and Beyond

Don't Lose Your Cool With Cryotherapy: The Application of Phase Change Material for Prolonged Cooling in Athletic Recovery and Beyond

Intramuscular Temperature Changes in the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle After Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion (10°C for 10 min): A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Recovery during and after a simulated multi‐day tennis tournament: Combining active recovery, stretching, cold‐water immersion, and massage interventions

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