Multiple blood meals in<i>Anopheles darlingi</i>(Diptera: Culicidae)

Oliveira, Caroline Dantas de; Tadei, Wanderli Pedro; Abdalla, Fábio Camargo; Pimenta, Paulo Filemon Paolucci; Marinotti, Osvaldo

doi:10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00238.x

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Decreased larval nutrition in An. darlingi is associated with increased biting frequency because these undernourished mosquitoes required more than one blood meal to complete a gonotrophic cycle [ 120 ], though the opposite result was seen in a separate study [ 121 ]. The decreased average wing length, and therefore body size, and presumed increased local temperature in peridomestic sites, may explain the decreased Plasmodium IR among these mosquitoes, compared to those from the chacra sites (overall 0.51 and 2.07 %, respectively; Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major Neotropical malaria vector in Amazonian Peru

Lainhart

Bickersmith

Nadler

et al. 2015

Malar J

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Background:The major Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, was reintroduced into the Iquitos, Loreto, Peru area during the early 1990s, where it displaced other anophelines and caused a major malaria epidemic. Since then, case numbers in Loreto have fluctuated, but annual increases have been reported since 2012. Methods:The population genetic structure of An. darlingi sampled before and after the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) was investigated to test the hypothesis of temporal population change (2006 vs. 2012). Current samples of An. darlingi were used to test the hypothesis of ecological adaptation to human modified (highway) compared with wild (riverine) habitat, linked to forest cover. In total, 693 An. darlingi from nine localities in Loreto, Peru area were genotyped using 13 microsatellite loci. To test the hypothesis of habitat differentiation in An. darlingi biting time patterns, HBR and EIR, four collections of An. darlingi from five localities (two riverine and three highway) were analysed.Results: Analyses of microsatellite loci from seven (2006) and nine settlements (2012)(2013)(2014) in the Iquitos area detected two distinctive populations with little overlap, although it is unclear whether this population replacement event is associated with LLIN distribution or climate. Within the 2012-2014 population two admixed subpopulations, A and B, were differentiated by habitat, with B significantly overrepresented in highway, and both in near-equal proportions in riverine. Both subpopulations had a signature of expansion and there was moderate genetic differentiation between them. Habitat and forest cover level had significant effects on HBR, such that Plasmodium transmission risk, as measured by EIR, in peridomestic riverine settlements was threefold higher than in peridomestic highway settlements. HBR was directly associated with available host biomass rather than forest cover. Conclusions: A population replacement event occurred between 2006 and 2012-2014, concurrently with LLIN distribution and a moderate El Niño event, and prior to an increase in malaria incidence. The likely drivers of this replacement cannot be determined with current data. The present-day An. darlingi population is composed of two highly admixed subpopulations, which appear to be in an early stage of differentiation, triggered by anthropogenic alterations to local habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major Neotropical malaria vector in Amazonian Peru

Lainhart

Bickersmith

Nadler

et al. 2015

Malar J

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“…aegypti , HP is responsible for inhibiting host seeking behavior following a blood meal (39). As anophelines broadly exhibit similar behavior (40), the absence of HP from the entire clade suggests they may have evolved a novel mechanism to inhibit excess blood feeding. Similarly, no ortholog of insulin growth factor 1 ( IGF1 ) was identified in any anophelines even though IGF1 orthologs have been identified in other dipterans, including D. melanogaster (41) and Ae.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly evolvable malaria vectors: The genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes

Neafsey¹,

Waterhouse²,

Abai³

et al. 2015

Science

527

656

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Variation in vectorial capacity for human malaria among Anopheles mosquito species is determined by many factors, including behavior, immunity, and life history. To investigate the genomic basis of vectorial capacity and explore new avenues for vector control, we sequenced the genomes of 16 anopheline mosquito species from diverse locations spanning ~100 million years of evolution. Comparative analyses show faster rates of gene gain and loss, elevated gene shuffling on the X chromosome, and more intron losses, relative to Drosophila. Some determinants of vectorial capacity, such as chemosensory genes, do not show elevated turnover, but instead diversify through protein-sequence changes. This dynamism of anopheline genes and genomes may contribute to their flexible capacity to take advantage of new ecological niches, including adapting to humans as primary hosts.

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“…Once the blood feeding process is complete, the ingested blood catalyzes the process of internal eggs development in the female mosquito [ 50 ]. The gonotrophic cycle is defined as the time elapsed from one blood-feeding to the next one and is composed by the time that is needed to the eggs maturation and the time from the oviposition to the next blood meal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A validated agent-based model to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of malaria incidence in the rainforest environment

Pizzitutti

Pan

Barbieri

et al. 2015

Malar J

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BackgroundThe Amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been accompanied by a remarkable rise of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. The malaria transmission process is highly influenced by factors such as spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the environment and individual-based characteristics of mosquitoes and humans populations. All these determinant factors can be simulated effectively trough agent-based models.MethodsThis paper presents a validated agent-based model of local-scale malaria transmission. The model reproduces the environment of a typical riverine village in the northern Peruvian Amazon, where the malaria transmission is highly seasonal and apparently associated with flooding of large areas caused by the neighbouring river. Agents representing humans, mosquitoes and the two species of Plasmodium (P.falciparum and P. vivax) are simulated in a spatially explicit representation of the environment around the village. The model environment includes: climate, people houses positions and elevation. A representation of changes in the mosquito breeding areas extension caused by the river flooding is also included in the simulation environment.ResultsA calibration process was carried out to reproduce the variations of the malaria monthly incidence over a period of 3 years. The calibrated model is also able to reproduce the spatial heterogeneities of local scale malaria transmission. A “what if” eradication strategy scenario is proposed: if the mosquito breeding sites are eliminated through mosquito larva habitat management in a buffer area extended at least 200 m around the village, the malaria transmission is eradicated from the village.ConclusionsThe use of agent-based models can reproduce effectively the spatiotemporal variations of the malaria transmission in a low endemicity environment dominated by river floodings like in the Amazon.

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Multiple blood meals inAnopheles darlingi(Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major Neotropical malaria vector in Amazonian Peru

Evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major Neotropical malaria vector in Amazonian Peru

Highly evolvable malaria vectors: The genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes

A validated agent-based model to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of malaria incidence in the rainforest environment

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