Multiple Beneficial Health Effects of Natural Alkylglycerols from Shark Liver Oil

Deniau, Anne-Laure; Mosset, Paul; Pédrono, Frédérique; Mitre, Romain; Bot, Damien Le; Legrand, Alain

doi:10.3390/md8072175

Cited by 64 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Information on the biological or pharmacological activity of alkylglycerols, the largest constituent of SLO in quantity, in animals or humans is extremely limited. While the immunostimulatory and haematopoiesis-stimulating effects or anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activities of alkylglycerols have been reported (24,25), no data are available, to the best of our knowledge, on their central arterial or peripheral microvascular effects. Squalene, the second largest constituent of SLO, is a polyunsaturated triterpene containing six isoprene units and thus has a structural similarity with various naturally occurring polyprenyl compounds, including vitamin E (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vascular effects and safety of supplementation with shark liver oil in middle-aged and elderly males

Hamadate¹,

Matsumoto²,

Seto³

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Shark liver oil (SLO) has long been used as a traditional health food, with a particular benefit for vascular health, in Japan. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with SLO on arterial stiffness and peripheral microvascular function in otherwise healthy middle-aged and older males with slightly increased arterial stiffness. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study design was used to assign 41 healthy males with a mean age of 59.0±4.0 years (range, 45-69 years) to either SLO (n=21) or placebo (n=20) treatment for eight weeks. The effects on arterial stiffness and peripheral microvascular function were assessed by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and by measurement of hand blood flow to cutaneous tissues using a laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) technique, respectively. Although the magnitude of the changes in the CAVI value during the eight-week intervention for the SLO group did not significantly differ from that for the placebo group, the changes in the CAVI value for the former group were significantly associated (r=0.575, P<0.01) with age. It was also found that the LDPI values at week 8 were significantly lowered (P<0.05) compared with the baseline values in the placebo group, while no change was observed in the SLO group, resulting in a significant difference in the changes between the two groups (P=0.002). Neither SLO supplementation-related adverse side-effects nor any abnormal changes in routine laboratory tests, including lipid profiles and anthropometric and haemodynamic parameters, were observed throughout the intervention. SLO may have the potential to safely improve vascular health in middle-aged and elderly males. IntroductionShark liver oil (SLO) has long been used as a dietary supplement with health-promoting activities, particularly for cardiovascular health, in Japan. At present, several SLO-containing supplements are commercially available and their dietary consumption is increasing among the Japanese middle-aged and elderly populations, most likely due to the fact that there has been considerable interest in alternative therapies.SLO is known to contain large quantities of squalene and, thus, to be considered as the richest source of the compound. Squalene received its name as a result of its first isolation from liver oil of sharks (Squalus spp.) (1). Later, squalene was found in variety of vegetable oils, including olive, palm, wheat-germ and rice bran oils. Chemically, squalene is a polyprenyl compound, having a structural similarity with β-carotene, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins A, E and K (2). Among these squalene-related compounds, vitamin E, known as the most potent lipid-soluble antioxidant in vivo, has been most intensively studied for its effects on cardiovascular health; there have been a number of studies reporting that vitamin E is effective in decreasing arterial stiffening in overweight hypertensive patients (3,4), and others reporting that vitamin E supplementation improves peripheral vascular disease...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vascular effects and safety of supplementation with shark liver oil in middle-aged and elderly males

Hamadate¹,

Matsumoto²,

Seto³

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Interestingly enough, the alkylglycerol treatment induced a significant reduction of the tumour blood vessels endothelial marker, therefore demonstrating that the antineoplastic effect of alkylglycerols is at least in part due to their antiangiogenic activity on tumour cells. Recently, the same scientific group has demonstrated that the monounsaturated C18:1n-9 (selachyl alcohol) and C16:1n-7 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols exerted the highest tumour growth depression and lowering of metastasis number in the mice grafted with 3LL cells, compared to the saturated C16:0 and C12:0 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols (Deniau et al, 2010). Strong tumour growth inhibition of three prostate cancer cells (DU-145, PC-3 and PCa-2b) by shark liver oil, presumably owing to the presence of alkylglycerols as DAGE, has also been reported in vitro (Krotkiewski et al, 2003).…”

Section: Biological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ether lipids

Magnusson

Haraldsson

2011

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

121

116

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The naturally occurring 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols and their methoxylated congeners, 1-O-(2'-methoxyalkyl)-sn-glycerols, are biologically active compounds, ubiquitously found in nature as diacyl glyceryl ether lipids and phosphoether lipids. The chief objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up to date review on such ether lipids. The occurrence and distribution of these compounds in nature are extensively reviewed, their chemical structure and molecular variety, their biosynthesis and chemical synthesis and, finally, their various biological effects are described and discussed. An unprecedented biosynthesis of the 2'-methoxylated alkylglycerols is proposed. The first synthesis of enantiopure (Z)-(2'R)-1-O-(2'-methoxyhexadec-4'-enyl)-sn-glycerol, the most prevalent 2'-methoxylated type alkylglycerol present in cartilaginous fish, is described. It was accomplished by a highly convergent five step process.

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“…sphingolipid isolated from the sponge (Rhizochalina incrustata) [9]; alkylglycerols, from shark (Centrophorus squamosus) liver oil with anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activities [10]; sulfoglycolipid, from marine macroalgae (Porphyra crispata) which inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 [11]; and terpenoids, isolated from marine organisms and sponges which were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities [12]. In a previous research work [13], anti-mutagenic fractions were obtained from octopus and the chemical attributes of the bioactive compounds contained in these fractions were partially characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Identification of an Antimutagenic Phthalate Derivative Compound from Octopus (<i>Paraoctopus limaculatus</i>)

Cruz-ramírez¹,

López-Saiz²,

Plascencia‐Jatomea³

et al. 2015

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Multiple Beneficial Health Effects of Natural Alkylglycerols from Shark Liver Oil

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Vascular effects and safety of supplementation with shark liver oil in middle-aged and elderly males

Vascular effects and safety of supplementation with shark liver oil in middle-aged and elderly males

Ether lipids

Isolation and Identification of an Antimutagenic Phthalate Derivative Compound from Octopus (<i>Paraoctopus limaculatus</i>)

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