Multiple anthelmintic drug resistant Ancylostoma caninum in foxhounds

Balk, Jenna D.; Mitchell, Nathan D.; Hughes, Jake; Soto Nauto, Priscila; Rossi, Joseph; Ramirez-Barrios, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.07.001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A recent retrospective survey found that hookworms were the most prevalent canine helminth parasite in 9 US states at approximately 5.6%, ranging as high as 11.9% in Georgia (Sobotyk et al ., 2021 ). Hookworm prevalence has been increasing (Drake and Carey, 2019 ; Nagamori et al ., 2020 ), possibly reflecting the emergence of multiple anthelmintic-resistant hookworm isolates like BCR reported here in greyhounds and spreading to the general pet dog population (Jimenez Castro et al ., 2019 , 2021 ; Kitchen et al ., 2019 ; Jimenez Castro and Kaplan, 2020 ; Balk et al ., 2023 ; Leutenegger et al ., 2023 ; Venkatesan et al ., 2023 ). Increasing prevalence of MADR A. caninum has serious implications both for canine companion health and for zoonotic infections (Hawdon and Wise, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliance on anthelmintics has resulted in the widespread development of resistant nematodes, especially in livestock parasites, some of which are resistant to 1 or more major classes of anthelmintic drugs (Kaplan, 2004 , 2020 ; Wolstenholme et al ., 2004 ; Kaplan and Vidyashankar, 2012 ). Recent studies by us (Kitchen et al ., 2019 ) and others (Hess et al ., 2019 ; Jimenez Castro et al ., 2019 ) have reported the emergence of multi-anthelmintic drug-resistant (MADR) Ancylostoma caninum hookworms which have spread to the general companion dog population from retired greyhounds (Jimenez Castro et al ., 2019 ; Jimenez Castro and Kaplan, 2020 ; Balk et al ., 2023 ; Venkatesan et al ., 2023 ). Most of these hookworm isolates are resistant to the 3 major classes of anthelmintics used for treatment: the benzimidazoles (BZ), the macrocyclic lactones (ML) including ivermectin (IVM), and the imidazothiazoles/tetrahydropyrimidines levamisole and pyrantel (PYR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered larval activation response associated with multidrug resistance in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum

McKean,

Grill,

Choi

et al. 2024

Parasitology

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Parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes pose significant health risks to humans, livestock, and companion animals, and their control relies heavily on the use of anthelmintic drugs. Overuse of these drugs has led to the emergence of resistant nematode populations. Herein, a naturally occurring isolate (referred to as BCR) of the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, that is resistant to 3 major classes of anthelmintics is characterized. Various drug assays were used to determine the resistance of BCR to thiabendazole, ivermectin, moxidectin and pyrantel pamoate. When compared to a drug-susceptible isolate of A. caninum, BCR was shown to be significantly resistant to all 4 of the drugs tested. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms have been shown to impart benzimidazole resistance, including the F167Y mutation in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene, which was confirmed to be present in BCR through molecular analysis. The frequency of the resistant allele in BCR was 76.3% following its first passage in the lab, which represented an increase from approximately 50% in the founding hookworm population. A second, recently described mutation in codon 134 (Q134H) was also detected at lower frequency in the BCR population. Additionally, BCR exhibits an altered larval activation phenotype compared to the susceptible isolate, suggesting differences in the signalling pathways involved in the activation process which may be associated with resistance. Further characterization of this isolate will provide insights into the mechanisms of resistance to macrocyclic lactones and tetrahydropyrimidine anthelmintics.

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