Multiple and large simple renal cysts are associated with prehypertension and hypertension

Abstract

Although simple renal cysts are thought to be related to hypertension, no reports have examined the relationship between simple renal cysts and prehypertension. Here, we evaluated the effects of simple renal cysts on prehypertension and hypertension and the role of serum renin levels in the cyst-related prehypertension/hypertension in adults. A total of 14,995 patients were enrolled and divided into normotension, prehypertension, and hypertension groups. Simple renal cysts were classified into different categories based on number (1 vs. ≥ 2 cm) and size (<2 vs. ≥ 2 cm). In multivariate analysis, simple renal cysts were independently related to prehypertension/hypertension. Two or more simple renal cysts or cyst of ≥ 2 cm were independently associated with prehypertension/hypertension. However, the association between cyst of ≥ 2 cm and prehypertension/hypertension disappeared after further adjusting for serum renin level in an exposure-matched subgroup analysis. Thus, the presence of two or more simple renal cysts and cyst of ≥ 2 cm were the important determinants of prehypertension and hypertension in adults. One possible mechanism of cyst-related prehypertension/hypertension may be related to an increased serum renin level. We recommend close monitoring of blood pressure routinely among patients with two or more simple renal cysts.

Simple renal cyst and renal dysfunction: A pilot study using dimercaptosuccinic acid renal Scan

“…Several studies report a possible association between hypertension and simple renal cysts. This association was stronger in patients with multiple, large, simple renal cysts . Although the exact mechanism by which the presence of simple renal cyst is related to hypertension remains unclear, some studies suggest a possible causal relationship between renal cysts and hypertension by demonstrating the normalization of blood pressure after cyst removal, which could be attributed to the inactivation of the renin–angiotensin system in the involved kidney .…”

Retrospective analysis of simple and stage II renal cysts: Pediatric nephrology point of view

“…Age‐related nephron loss, as well as hormonal and environmental insults, have been theorized to play a role in the pathogenesis of renal cyst formation . In adult patients a correlation has been shown between simple cysts and hypertension and renal dysfunction . Grafts with simple cysts have been shown to have increased allograft dysfunction .…”

Prevalence of Simple Renal Cysts in Acromegaly

“…Cystic kidney disease is known to be closely related with hypertension and renal dysfunction (25). In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that simple renal cysts are associated with the condition of prehypertension or hypertension.…”