Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire

MacLaren, Vance V.; Best, Lisa A.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.023

Cited by 127 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It can also be rewarding (i.e. psychologically and/or physically) and apparently even addictive [Aidman and Woollard, and others (Aidman and Woollard, 2003;Brene et al, 2007;MacLaren and Best, 2010) and references therein]. In domesticated rodents under laboratory conditions, one presumes that the motivation for voluntary exercise -usually measured by wheel running -is simpler (e.g.…”

Section: Defining Voluntary Exercise and Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In extreme cases, exercise can be enjoyable to the point where it becomes habit-forming, sometimes so much so that it justifies comparison with traditional addictive behaviours [Werme et al and others (Werme et al, 2000;Aidman and Woollard, 2003;Brené et al, 2007;Kanarek et al, 2009;De Chiara et al, 2010;MacLaren and Best, 2010) and references therein]. As synthesized by Scheurink et al, some regular distance runners have reported a progression of feelings towards exercise similar to those experienced during the course of addiction to a drug of abuse .…”

Section: Neurobiology Of Voluntary Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

376

434

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Summary Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity lifestyles. For humans in industrialized societies, locomotion necessary for daily activities is often relatively low, so it has been presumed that activity energy expenditure and DEE are lower than in our ancestors. Whether this is true and has contributed to a rise in obesity is controversial. In humans, much attention has centered on spontaneous physical activity (SPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the latter sometimes defined so broadly as to include all energy expended due to activity, exclusive of volitional exercise. Given that most people in Western societies engage in little voluntary exercise, increasing NEAT may be an effective way to maintain DEE and combat overweight and obesity. One way to promote NEAT is to decrease the amount of time spent on sedentary behaviours (e.g. watching television). The effects of voluntary exercise on other components of physical activity are highly variable in humans, partly as a function of age, and have rarely been studied in rodents. However, most rodent studies indicate that food consumption increases in the presence of wheels; therefore, other aspects of physical activity are not reduced enough to compensate for the energetic cost of wheel running. Most rodent studies also show negative effects of wheel access on body fat, especially in males. Sedentary behaviours per se have not been studied in rodents in relation to obesity. Several lines of evidence demonstrate the important role of dopamine, in addition to other neural signaling networks (e.g. the endocannabinoid system), in the control of voluntary exercise. A largely separate literature points to a key role for orexins in SPA and NEAT. Brain reward centers are involved in both types of physical activities and eating behaviours, likely leading to complex interactions. Moreover, voluntary exercise and, possibly, eating can be addictive. A growing body of research considers the relationships between personality traits and physical activity, appetite, obesity and other aspects of physical and mental health. Future studies should explore the neurobiology, endocrinology and genetics of physical activity and sedentary behaviour by examining key brain areas, neurotransmitters and hormones involved in motivation, reward and/or the regulation of energy balance.

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Section: Defining Voluntary Exercise and Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurobiology Of Voluntary Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

376

434

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…She also found high rates of co-dependent relationships in the sample (although no percentage was given). The concept of MA is thus established in addiction research (Bradshaw, 2005;Carnes, 2008;MacLaren & Best, 2010;Shaffer et al, 2004), and Sussman et al (2011) note that many addictions occur in clusters that can be predicted. Furthermore, if a person has more than one addiction, they are likely to combine in specific ways to produce an illness more resistant to treatment (Carnes et al, 2005;Flores, 2004).…”

Section: Introduction Background To the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Multiple Addictions and Current Treatment by Drug Treatment Centres in Durban, South Africa

Keen

Sathiparsad

Taylor³

2015

Social Work

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Substance-use disorders (SUD) cause severe problems both globally and locally. Research suggests that multiple addictions create a more complex illness. This study investigated whether in-patients admitted for SUD at three drug treatment centres in Durban, South Africa had other, undiagnosed addictions. It utilised a three-phase concurrent mixed-methods design and initially screened for gambling and sex addiction. Results showed that, of the sample of 123 participants, 54% had either sex or gambling and 24% had both addictions which current treatment programmes neither assessed for nor treated. Recommendations include suggestions to update current assessment and treatment approaches and the need to train professional staff at drug treatment centres.

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“…The repetitive sexual behaviour serve as means to escape the stress and tension ultimately becoming a way to cope up and handle problems [2]. Research on Internet addiction disorder indicates rates may range from 1.5 to 8.2% in Europeans and Americans [3,4] whereas other studies [5][6][7] have estimated the prevalence as 9% to 13.5% among Canadian youths. Males appear to be more addicted to this behaviour than females.…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet Sex Addiction and Its Negative Consequences: A Report

Kaur

Bhatia

Gautam

2015

JCDR

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A 17-year-old male was referred from Surgery to Psychiatry OPD for evaluation of his unusual sexual behaviour. The patient was a drop out from 8 th standard and currently working at a shopping mall. He underwent enterotomy at sigmoid colon for the foreign body when it could not be manually pushed down and retracted. On surgery, a 20cm by 4cm perfume bottle was recovered from the sigmoid colon. All the laboratory parameters were normal except leukocytosis. On detailed evaluation, the patient revealed that he was in habit of excessively watching porn videos on internet since last two years. He admitted to spending a lot of his time and wasting money in downloading such videos. After watching those videos, he tried to simulate the acts for his sexual gratification. The patient had two previous unprotected sexual contacts with his male friends through anal route and two sexual contacts with the female commercial sex workers through natural route. On asking about sexual orientation, he reported to have heterosexual orientation. He did not have any sexual dysfunction but reveals irresistible indulgence into the sexual behaviour. There was no history of sexual and physical abuse during childhood or chronic medical or psychiatric illness or substance abuse. On asking about the surgical complication, he revealed that he was secretly trying to get sexual satisfaction by inserting a perfume bottle through anal route, which accidently travelled up into his sigmoid colon and he could not retract it back. As a result he felt great pain and discomfort in the perianal area and ultimately landed up in surgical emergency where he had to be surgically operated for the same. He admitted to developing the habit of internet addiction gradually after failing in class 8 th . He resorted to various sexual acts in order to overcome the stress related to his academic failure and constant criticism by his parents. Although he had strong feelings of guilt but there were no other frank depressive features. He was diagnosed as suffering from Internet sex addiction. This patient was given several sessions of counselling for three months after which he improved. He was counselled to interact with the real people than resorting to internet habit. He was advised to join the sports club where he played tennis and got a chance to interact with more friends. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy done on the patient helped him to identify the triggers related to the sexual behaviour and made him understand his cognitive distortions. It helped him to stop his compulsive habit and change his perception regarding the internet use. He was also advised on the issue of using safe-sex practices. He resorted back to his old hobby of listening to music and playing cards. The parents were counselled for positively reinforcing their son. They were taught to set time limits for using internet and monitor their son's activity on regular basis maintaining friendly relations with him at the same time. As a result he felt much better and became more productive at work.

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Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire

Cited by 127 publications

References 17 publications

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Prevalence of Multiple Addictions and Current Treatment by Drug Treatment Centres in Durban, South Africa

Internet Sex Addiction and Its Negative Consequences: A Report

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