2008
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709571105
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Multiphoton fabrication of chemically responsive protein hydrogels for microactuation

Abstract: We report a method for creating stimuli-responsive biomaterials in which scanning nonlinear excitation is used to photocrosslink proteins at submicrometer 3D coordinates. Proteins with differing hydration properties can be combined to achieve tunable volume changes that are rapid and reversible in response to changes in chemical environment. Protein matrices having arbitrary 3D topographies and definable density gradients over micrometer dimensions provide the ability to effect rapid (<1 sec) and precise mecha… Show more

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Cited by 184 publications
(186 citation statements)
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“…As another alternative, a spatial light modulator (SLM) can be employed to control the light amplitude and phase to spatially shape the laser beam for multi-focal patterning or single-shot pattern projection 34,39,47,57,58,60,64,65 . Light modulation is achieved either by a digital mirror device (DMD) composed of an array of individually rotatable micro-mirrors, or a liquid crystal display (LCD) composed of an array of individual liquid crystal pixels electrically modulating the light.…”
Section: Fabrication Conditions Lasers and Direct Writing Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As another alternative, a spatial light modulator (SLM) can be employed to control the light amplitude and phase to spatially shape the laser beam for multi-focal patterning or single-shot pattern projection 34,39,47,57,58,60,64,65 . Light modulation is achieved either by a digital mirror device (DMD) composed of an array of individually rotatable micro-mirrors, or a liquid crystal display (LCD) composed of an array of individual liquid crystal pixels electrically modulating the light.…”
Section: Fabrication Conditions Lasers and Direct Writing Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These structures can be nested on the substrate surfaces 33,34 or embedded into transparent devices such as microfluidic channels [35][36][37] . In addition to 3D fabrication and superior resolution, another advantage of the multi-photon cross-linking of proteins as 3D printing materials is the potential to retain the protein functions after fabrication 35,38,39 . These functions include not only the diverse intrinsic properties of native proteins such as charge transfer, molecule modification and cell-cell communication, but also engineered functions of synthetic proteins.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…With current technology and materials, creating nanostructured materials in complex shapes requires either multiple steps (e.g. alignment followed by assembly), or dual development of materials and manufacturing (for example, alignment of fibre constructs during additive manufacture) [138,140,143].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These gels turn quasiliquid when exposed to selected pH levels which remove one network, but can recover their pre-programmed shapes using the secondary duplex DNA network [138,139]. Microscale DNA-responsive hydrogel devices have been developed that are capable of bending in response to their chemical environment, and even selectively detecting, trapping and releasing bacterial cells [140].…”
Section: Chemicalmentioning
confidence: 99%