Multiphase CFD Modeling of External Oil Flow From a Journal Bearing

Abstract

High loads and bearing life requirements make journal bearings a potential choice for use in high power, epicyclic gearboxes in jet engines. Particularly in a planetary configuration the kinematic conditions are complex. With the planet gears rotating about their own axis and orbiting around the sun gear, centrifugal forces generated by both motions interact with each other and affect the external flow behavior of the oil exiting the journal bearing. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method are carried out in ANSYS Fluent [1] to numerically model the two-phase flow behavior of the oil exiting the bearing and merging into the air surrounding the bearing. This paper presents an investigation of two numerical schemes that are available in ANSYS Fluent to track or capture the air-oil phase interface: the geometric reconstruction scheme and the compressive scheme. Both numerical schemes are used to model the oil outflow behavior in the most simplistic approximation of a journal bearing: a representation, rotating about its own axis, with a circumferentially constant, i.e. concentric, lubricating gap. Based on these simplifications, a three dimensional (3D) CFD sector model with rotationally periodic boundaries is considered. A comparison of the geometric reconstruction scheme and the compressive scheme is presented with regards to the accuracy of the phase interface reconstruction and the time required to reach steady state flow field conditions. The CFD predictions are validated against existing literature data with respect to the flow regime, the direction of the predicted oil flow path and the oil film thickness. Based on the findings and considerations of industrial requirements, a recommendation is made for the most suitable scheme to be used. With a robust and partially validated CFD model in place, the model fidelity can be enhanced to include journal bearing eccentricity. Due to the convergent-divergent gap and the resultant pressure field within the lubricating oil film, the outflow behavior can be expected to be very different compared to that of a concentric journal bearing. Naturally, the inlet boundary conditions for the oil emerging from the journal bearing into the external environment must be consistent with the outlet conditions from the bearing. The second part of this paper therefore focuses on providing a method to generate appropriate inlet boundary conditions for external oil flow from an eccentric journal bearing.

Specific Aspects in Numerical Simulation of Complex Processes in Gas Turbine Engine Bearing Chamber

“…To achieve a maximum simulation accuracy, it is essential to use a proper turbulence model for the bearing chamber processes prediction. Analysis of the corresponding studies [6,[14][15][16] and authors' experience show that "Realizable k-ε" and "k-ω SST" turbulence models are the most appropriate for this issue. The application of these models for the problem under analysis shows very similar results (Figure 8).…”

“…Application of the modelling methods based on the mechanics of IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1226/1/012038 2 multiphase flows and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a promising solution. Many studies [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10] demonstrate the relevance of the fluid distribution and heat transfer prediction problem and modelling approach application. This approach fundamentally allows taking into account the influence of all factors in the mathematical model.…”

CFD modeling of multiphase flows in the gas turbine engines oil cavities

“…Based on the analysis of the scientific literature [11,15,[18][19][20], preliminary calculations [21][22][23][24], and recommendations on the application of models in Ansys [25], 12 structures of a three-dimensional CFD model were used for this study. The best consistency with experimental data was shown by structures based on the application of the Inhomogeneous (Ansys CFX), Euler and VOF (Ansys Fluent) models.…”