Multiparasitism by the pupal parasitoids,Xanthopimpla stemmator(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) andPediobius furvus(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on two African cereal stemborers,Chilo partellus(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) andBusseola fusca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Muturi, Jamleck; Ngi-Song, Adèle J.; Mueke, J. M.; Sétamou, Mamoudou; Schulthess, Fritz; Jiang, Nanqing

doi:10.1080/09583150500258594

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ndemah & Schulthess (2002), using multiple regression of yield on numbers of individual borers species, argued that the higher damage caused by an individual B. fusca compared to S. calamistis and E. saccharina was due the larger size of larvae. However, immatures of C. partellus are considerably smaller than those of B. fusca (Muturi et al 2006). It is suggested that the diff erences in yield losses caused by the two borer species might have been due to diff erences in the migration patterns of the larvae, duration of larval development and, thus, number of generation per season produced by the two stemborer species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Assessment of the impact of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and yield loss in maize using selected insecticides in Mozambique

Cugala¹,

Schulthess²,

Ogol³

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. The effect of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and maize grain yields was estimated using an insecticide exclusion method. Field experiments were conducted at low, mid and high elevation zones, which vary in the stemborer species composition. Dimethoate was applied to exclude natural enemies and Cypermethrin to suppress stemborers, while other plots served as control. At all study sites more stemborer larvae and pupae were collected when natural enemies were excluded. Parasitism as well as maize grain weight in the unprotected plots were signifi cantly higher than in the exclusion plots. Yield losses increased by 28.9 % in unprotected to 43.3 % in exclusion plots. The most abundant parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). While for Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) they were C. sesamiae, Sturmiopsis parasitica (Curran) (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Porcerochasmias nigromaculatus Heinrich (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). It was concluded that exclusion of natural enemies caused an increase in stemborer populations, thus, the parasitoids play an important role in suppressing stemborer infestations and increase maize yield. Résumé. Estimation de l'impact des ennemis naturels sur l'infestation par les foreurs et les pertes de rendement du maïs au Mozambique en utilisant des insecticides.Les effets d'ennemis naturels sur des foreurs qui infestent du mais ainsi que sur le rendement de ce dernier ont été estimés par une méthode d'exclusion à l'aide d'insecticides. Les expérimentations ont été menées dans des champs à basse, moyenne et haute altitude, infestés par des espèces différentes de foreurs. Les ennemis naturels ont été éliminés à l'aide de diméthoate et de cyperméthrine. Dans tous les sites étudiés, une quantité plus importante de larves et de chrysalides a été collectée après élimination des ennemis naturels. Le parasitisme ainsi que le poids des grains de maïs ont été signifi cativement plus élevés dans les parcelles non traitées par insecticides (parcelles témoins) que dans les traitées. La perte de rendement a augmenté de 28.9 % dans les parcelles témoins et de 43.3 % dans celles traitées. Les espèces de parasitoïde de Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) les plus abondantes étaient Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) et Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) ; alors que celles de Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) étaient C. sesamiae, Sturmiopsis parasitica (Curran) (Diptera : Tachinidae) et Porcerochasmias nigromaculatus Heinrich (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae). On en a tiré la conclusion que l'élimination des ennemis naturels des foreurs a causé une augmentation de la population de ces derniers, et par conséquent que les parasitoïdes jouent un rôle important dans la régulation des infestations de foreurs et d...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Assessment of the impact of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and yield loss in maize using selected insecticides in Mozambique

Cugala¹,

Schulthess²,

Ogol³

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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“…Stem borer pupae are generally located in or near the terminus of tunnel excavated by latter instar larvae in the plant stem. The cues responsible for host finding are predicted to be associated with the cryptic habitat of the borer pupae rather than the parasitoid host species (Muturi et al, 2006;Yousuf et al, 2021). The host searching behaviour in insects is generally varied among individuals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Host Preference of Xanthopimpla Saussure Parasitising Sesamia inferens Walker

Kathirvelu,

Manickavasagam,

Gopianand

2024

IJE

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Host selection sequence of two parasitoids of under the genus Xanthopimpla Saussure viz., Xanthopimpla flavolineata (Xf) Cameron [Xf] and X. stemmator (Thunberg) (Xs) and suitability of various pupal stages of Sesamia inferens as a factitious host for rearing was investigated. There was no significant difference in egg laying between the single and repeated attempts by both Xf and Xs. The probing time of Xf and Xs in the rice stem with concealed host (2.26± 0.10 and 1.60± 0.13 min) and a hollow stem without a host was found to be 1.19± 0.14 and 0.59± 0.15 min, respectively. However, Xs did not parasitize the naked pupa. The number of ovipositor insertions was 1.50± 0.17 in concealed pupae and 0.92± 0.15 in hollow stem without host. Among the stages of S. inferens pupae tested for acceptance by Xf and Xs, the prepupa was preferred the most followed by one- and two-day-old pupa, while five- and six-day-old pupae were not preferred.

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“…Therefore, larvae of A. taragamae might win the intrinsic competition with P. leucobasis by developing different mechanisms such as physical or physiological attacks. Indeed, in competition, larvae of some parasitoids are known to outcompete their competitors through direct physical or physiological attacks (Fisher 1961;Vinson and Iwantsch 1980;Laing and Corrigan 1987;McBrein and Mackauer 1990;de Moraes et al 1999;Muturi et al 2006). The present study did not investigate the mechanisms involved in the intrinsic competition between A. taragamae and P. leucobasis.…”

Section: Physiological Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing non-target effects and host feeding of the exotic parasitoid Apanteles taragamae, a potential biological control agent of the cowpea pod borer Maruca vitrata

et al. 2011

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Apanteles taragamae Viereck is a larval parasitoid introduced in Benin for classical biological control of the cowpea pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. In the laboratory, we evaluated the effects of A. taragamae on non-target herbivore species, and on another parasitoid of M. vitrata, i.e. the egg-larval parasitoid Phanerotoma leucobasis Kriechbaumer. Furthermore, we addressed the host feeding behaviour of A. taragamae. The host specificity of A. taragamae was assessed by offering six other lepidopteran species to the wasp. The competitive ability of A. taragamae was studied by providing the wasp with one-and twodays-old M. vitrata larvae that had hatched from eggs previously parasitized by P. leucobasis. Controls consisted of eggs and larvae offered only to P. leucobasis and A. taragamae, respectively. None of the other six lepidopteran species was successfully parasitized by A. taragamae. The larval parasitoid A. taragamae outcompeted the egg-larval parasitoid P. leucobasis when offered two-days-old host larvae. Competition between the two parasitoid species did not significantly affect one-day-old host larvae that were less suitable to A. taragamae. Host feeding by A. taragamae did not affect survival of one-day-old or two-days-old M. vitrata larvae. However, the percentage parasitism of two-days-old larvae was significantly reduced when exposed to female A. taragamae wasps that had been starved during 48 h. The data are discussed with regard to host specificity, host feeding patterns and to factors underlying the outcome of intrinsic competition between parasitoid species.

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Multiparasitism by the pupal parasitoids,Xanthopimpla stemmator(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) andPediobius furvus(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on two African cereal stemborers,Chilo partellus(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) andBusseola fusca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Assessment of the impact of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and yield loss in maize using selected insecticides in Mozambique

Assessment of the impact of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and yield loss in maize using selected insecticides in Mozambique

Host Preference of <i>Xanthopimpla</i> Saussure Parasitising <i>Sesamia inferens</i> Walker

Assessing non-target effects and host feeding of the exotic parasitoid Apanteles taragamae, a potential biological control agent of the cowpea pod borer Maruca vitrata

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