Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer: present and future

Kurhanewicz, John; Vigneron, Daniel B.; Carroll, Peter R.; Coakley, Fergus V.

doi:10.1097/mou.0b013e3282f19d01

Cited by 210 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The incorporation of other MR techniques, such as dynamic perfusion or diffusion-weighted imaging, can further improve the performance of MR examinations in the detection and staging of prostate cancer (36)(37)(38)(39). It would be of clinical interest in the future to investigate whether multiparametric examinations in which all of these state-of-the-art techniques are combined can yield superior diagnostic information for stratifying patients with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Stage T1c Prostate Cancer: Evaluation with Endorectal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopic Imaging

Zhang¹,

Hricak²,

Shukla–Dave³

et al. 2009

Radiology

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Purpose:To assess the diagnostic accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging for prediction of the pathologic stage of prostate cancer and the presence of clinically nonimportant disease in patients with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer. Materials and Methods:The institutional review board approved-and waived the informed patient consent requirement for-this HIPAAcompliant study involving 158 patients (median age, 58 years; age range, 40 -76 years) who had clinical stage T1c prostate cancer, had not been treated preoperatively, and underwent combined 1.5-T endorectal MR imaging-MR spectroscopic imaging between January 2003 and March 2004 before undergoing radical prostatectomy. On the MR images and combined endorectal MR-MR spectroscopic images, two radiologists retrospectively and independently rated the likelihood of cancer in 12 prostate regions and the likelihoods of extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and adjacent organ invasion by using a five-point scale, and they determined the probability of clinically nonimportant prostate cancer by using a four-point scale. Whole-mount step-section pathology maps were used for imaging-pathologic analysis correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and areas under the curves (AUCs) were estimated nonparametrically for assessment of reader accuracy. Results:At surgical-pathologic analysis, one (0.6%) patient had no cancer; 124 (78%) patients, organ-confined (stage pT2) disease; 29 (18%) patients, ECE (stage pT3a); two (1%) patients, SVI (stage pT3b); and two (1%) patients, bladder neck invasion (stage pT4). Forty-six (29%) patients had a total tumor volume of less than 0.5 cm 3 . With combined MR imaging-MR spectroscopic imaging, the two readers achieved 80% accuracy in disease staging and AUCs of 0.62 and 0.71 for the prediction of clinically nonimportant cancer. Conclusion:Clinical Note: This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues or clients, use the Radiology Reprints form at the end of this article.I n American men, prostate cancer continues to be the most common cancer and the second leading cause of noncutaneous cancer-related mortality (1). The American Cancer Society estimated that in 2009, 192 280 new cases of prostate cancer would be diagnosed and 27 360 deaths would occur owing to this disease in the United States (1). Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has led to a dramatic decrease in prostate cancer stage at the time of diagnosis, and stage T1c is now the most commonly diagnosed clinical stage (2).According to the TNM classification system, T1c prostate cancers are malignancies identified with needle biopsy (performed, for example, because of an elevated PSA level) that are not detectable at digital rectal examination or imaging (usually transrectal ultrasonography [US]) (3). In a study conducted by Humphrey et al (4), 78 of 100 consecutive patients who underwent rad...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Stage T1c Prostate Cancer: Evaluation with Endorectal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopic Imaging

Zhang¹,

Hricak²,

Shukla–Dave³

et al. 2009

Radiology

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“…However, its main disadvantages are the poor spatial resolution ( ≈ 7 mm and 5 mm for 1.5 T and 3 T MRI scanner, respectively) and the long acquisition time ( ≈ 15 min) [ 112 ] .…”

Section: Mrsimentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: onset, progression and imaging

et al. 2012

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What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Today, angiogenesis is known to play a key role in cancer growth and development. Emerging cancer treatments are based on the suppression of angiogenesis, and modern imaging techniques investigate changes in the microvasculature that are caused by angiogenesis. As for other forms of cancers, angiogenesis is well recognised as a fundamental process in the development of prostate cancer.The novelty of this extensive report on angiogenesis in cancer, with particular attention on prostate cancer and the imaging techniques able to detect it, is the new prospective to the subject. In contrast with the other available reviews, this report goes from ‘theory’ to ‘practice’, establishing a clear link between angiogenesis development and imaged angiogenesis features. Once the key role of angiogenesis in the development of cancer and in particular prostate cancer has been fully described, attention is turned to the current imaging methods with the potential to assess the angiogenesis process and, as a consequence, to detect and localise prostate cancer. As confirmed by all available statistics, cancer represents a major clinical and societal problem in the developed world. The form of cancer with the highest incidence in men is prostate cancer. For prostate cancer, as well as for most forms of cancer, detection of the disease at an early stage is critical to reduce mortality and morbidity. Today, it is well known that pathological angiogenesis represents a crucial step in cancer development and progression. Comparable with most forms of cancer, angiogenesis also plays a fundamental role for prostate cancer growth. As a consequence, angiogenesis is an ideal target not only for novel anti‐angiogenic therapies, but also for modern imaging techniques that aim at cancer localisation by detection of angiogenic microvascular changes. These techniques are mainly based on magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the available studies on angiogenesis in prostate cancer and its use by modern and emerging imaging techniques for prostate cancer localisation.

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“…This requires further study. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that improvements in scan time acquisition using higher field magnets and dedicated software that can rapidly analyse large amounts of complex data into simpler but easily interpretable information will lead to greater acceptance of multiparametric MRI in routine clinical practice [71].…”

Section: Multiparametric Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion weighted imaging in prostate cancer

2010

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Diffusion-weighted imaging has generated substantial interest in the hope that it can be developed into a robust technique to improve the accuracy of MRI for the evaluation of prostate cancer. This technique has the advantages of short acquisition times, no need for intravenous administration of contrast medium, and the ability to study diffusion of water molecules that indirectly reflects tissue cellularity. In this article, we review the existing literature on the utility of DWI in tumour detection, localisation, treatment response, limitations of the technique, how it compares with other imaging techniques, technical considerations and future directions.

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Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer: present and future

Cited by 210 publications

References 84 publications

Clinical Stage T1c Prostate Cancer: Evaluation with Endorectal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopic Imaging

Clinical Stage T1c Prostate Cancer: Evaluation with Endorectal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopic Imaging

Angiogenesis in prostate cancer: onset, progression and imaging

Diffusion weighted imaging in prostate cancer

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