Multiparametric autoimmune diagnostics: recent advances

Abstract

Autoimmune diagnostics in a routine clinical laboratory is constantly challenged by the discovery of new autoantibodies and technical innovations in the immunoassays applied. These challenges are, in particular, combined in the multiparametric immunoassays. Appropriate positioning of multiparametric immunoassays within the laboratory requires integrated knowledge of the clinical performance of the test system for each individual antigen, the conditions prescribed in disease criteria and/or guidelines, and the demands of the clinicians. This review provides a summary of the multiparametric immunoassays available, as well as the applications and restrictions in routine clinical practice.

Evaluation of the Usefulness of a Serological Test for Diagnosis of Celiac Disease Simultaneously Detecting Specific Antibodies and Total IgA

“…Patients who suffer from autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract may also benefit from the multiparametric detection of autoantibodies. These diseases include autoimmune gastritis, pernicious anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and CD [ 24 ]. Presented in the current study, the simultaneous detection of serological CD markers with tIgA can reduce not only the costs of serological CD diagnosis compared to single celiac-specific antibody detection and tIgA but may also shorten CD diagnostic process.…”

“…It is worth noting that the test we analyzed provided quantitative results, which is beneficial for diagnosis, follow-up and therapy of CD and many other autoimmune diseases. It is even more important that not all multiparametric immunoassays provide us with quantitative results [ 24 ]. An example of immunofluorassay used to detect simultaneously celiac-specific antibodies and tIgA, such as Polycheck ® Celiac IgA plus Total IgA, is CytoBead CeliAK (GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz, Germany), which is performed with fluorescent microparticles for antigen and antibody immobilization, and monkey-esophagus tissue.…”

Serological Differential Diagnosis of Autoimmune Liver Diseases by Line Blot Immunoassay for Parallel Detection of Nine Different Autoantibodies

“…On one hand, new autoantibodies are constantly being discovered, and on the other hand-the immunoassays innovate technically every year. The challenges rice when autoantibody testing is combined in the multiparametric immunoassays [9]. Appropriate positioning of each individual antigen in the multiparametric immunoassays requires integrated knowledge of the disease criteria (grounded in the certain guidelines and consensuses), which defines also the clinical performance of the whole test system.…”

“…Appropriate positioning of each individual antigen in the multiparametric immunoassays requires integrated knowledge of the disease criteria (grounded in the certain guidelines and consensuses), which defines also the clinical performance of the whole test system. However, the usefulness and the up keeping of the multiparametric immunoassays in the laboratory depends on the demands of the clinicians [9]. Here, we tested patients with autoimmune liver disease for the presence of different autoantibodies, by means of the gold standard IIF, as well as by line blot immunoassay for simultaneous detection of nine distinct autoantibodies.…”

Clinical evaluation of a multiparametricELISAas a rapid tool for routinely diagnosing IgG‐mediated autoimmune blistering dermatoses in ethnic Slavs

“…[4][5][6] However, in cases where identification of multiple antibodies is relevant for a diseases circle (such as ABDs), screening by multiplex test, allowing analysis in a single test run, is considered as an efficient diagnostic first step. Technical innovation of immunoassays aimed at multiplex approach, 7 like IIF multiplex biochip [8][9][10] and multivariant profile ELISA. [11][12][13][14][15] Most recently, two multiparametric ELISA tests are commercially available (Euroimmun, Germany; MBL, Nagoya, Japan) for ABDs serology.…”