2016
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00234
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Multiparameter Evaluation of the Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Integrated RNA In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemical Analysis

Abstract: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are routinely identified as cytokeratin (CK)-positive, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive, and CD45-negative and are enriched based on EpCAM. However, there are a number of methodological challenges regarding both isolation and characterization of these rare CTCs including downregulation or absence of EpCAM in a variety of solid tumors leading to the omission of subpopulations of CTCs, difficulties in analyzing RNA and protein targets in CTCs due to the rarity of … Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Hence, it is likely that some of the PDPN + and TSHR + cells loss the expression of EpCAM and results in the EpCAM - PDPN + and EpCAM - TSHR + cell populations. These observations are consistent with the observed heterogeneity of CTCs in patients with other cancer types, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer [ 58 60 ]. It remains to investigate whether or not the PDPN- or TSHR-specific CECs is related to the degree of malignancy and the poor prognosis of patients with PTC.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Hence, it is likely that some of the PDPN + and TSHR + cells loss the expression of EpCAM and results in the EpCAM - PDPN + and EpCAM - TSHR + cell populations. These observations are consistent with the observed heterogeneity of CTCs in patients with other cancer types, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer [ 58 60 ]. It remains to investigate whether or not the PDPN- or TSHR-specific CECs is related to the degree of malignancy and the poor prognosis of patients with PTC.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…In addition to the significant advances in the ability to isolate CTCs, a second important advance in the study of CTCs is the development of analytical tools including single‐cell RNA‐Seq (Saliba et al ., ; Tang et al ., ), multicolor RNA in situ hybridization (Wu et al ., ), and single‐cell DNA methylation analysis available to characterize CTCs (Pixberg et al ., ). While still in the development stages, the potential rapid advancement of single‐cell proteomics will likely also prove to be a critical tool (Macaulay et al ., ).…”
Section: Functional Characteristics Of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Ctcmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is more convincing that the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from an HCC were found to have a high level of Hh signaling activity. SMO and GLI1 were detected in CTCs from breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization and used as markers of the heterogeneity of the CTCs [ 107 ]. At the same time, CTCs express cancer stem cell markers, such as CD90, CD133, EpCAM, CK19 and Nanog, etc.…”
Section: Hh Signaling Contributes To Metastasis Of Hccmentioning
confidence: 99%