Multiobjective Optimization Approach for a Portable Development of Reconfigurable Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation

Lakhdhar, Wafa; Mzid, Rania; Khalgui, Mohamed; Li, Zhiwu; Frey, Georg; Al-Ahmari, Abdulrahman

doi:10.1109/tsmc.2017.2781460

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In some systems under hard real-time constraints, disastrous consequences can occur if any timing requirement is violated [1]. Reconfigurable real-time systems have the ability to fully meet the simultaneous performance and flexibility demands [2]. A reconfiguration scenario is usually performed in response to user requirements and dynamic changes in their environment during execution such as unpredictable activation-deactivation-update of some tasks [1], [3], [4].…”

Section: Nomenclature Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Multi-Core Real-Time Task Scheduling of Reconfigurable Systems With Energy Constraints

et al. 2020

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This paper deals with the scheduling of real-time periodic tasks executed on heterogeneous multicore platforms. Each processor is composed of a set of multi-speed cores with limited energy resources. A reconfigurable system is sensible to unpredictable reconfiguration events from related environment, such as the activation, removal or update of tasks. The problem is to handle feasible reconfiguration scenarios under energy constraints. Since any task can finish execution before achieving its worst-case execution time (WCET), the idea is to distribute this execution on different processor cores for meeting related deadlines and reducing energy consumption. The methodology consists in using lower processor speeds first to consume less energy. If the system is still non-feasible after reconfiguration, then we adjust the task periods as a flexible solution or migrate some of them to the least loaded processors. Accordingly, an integer linear program (ILP) is formulated to encode the execution model that assigns tasks to different cores with optimal energy consumption, thereby realizing energy-efficient computing/green computing. The potency and effectiveness of the proposed approach are rated through simulation studies. By measuring the energy consumption cost, our solution offers better than 11% of gain than recently published methods and improves by 85% the overall number of adjusted periods.

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Section: Nomenclature Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Multi-Core Real-Time Task Scheduling of Reconfigurable Systems With Energy Constraints

et al. 2020

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“…We aim to develop correct RDESs that should meet related functional and extra-functional constraints [33] defined in user requirements. Indeed, each reconfiguration scenario (i) should generate intelligently the perfect and best new software and hardware architecture of the system [21], (ii) should not be too frequent to avoid any risk of being a destabilization cause [34], (iii) should be low cost in time, memory and energy for required light adaptation of the system behavior [34], (i) should be deadlock free after any addition or removal of software tasks or also of shared resources [10], (ii) should not be real-time unfeasible where some system threads or exchanged messages on the considered network miss their deadlines [30], (iii) should not violate power constraints if the available energy in batteries is not enough to accept new threads in devices or messages on the wired or wireless networks [33], (iv) should not violate memory constraints if the free available space in memories cannot host new added threads or messages [34], (v) should not also violate security constraints by adding unsecured threads or messages that will degrade the global security level of the system [13], and (vi) should not be a scenario that activates faulty devices or networks that can degrade the quality of the planned services [8]. The different steps of the proposed methodology aim satisfying all these constraints for guaranteeing required QoS of the planned system.…”

Section: B System Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work reported in [142] proposes an execution model based on semaphores and the priority ceiling protocol for handling safe dynamic reconfigurations of OS communicating tasks under real-time constraints. The work reported in [143] extended to [30] uses multiobjective optimization approach for improved programming of RDESs with POSIX or RT-Java threads under read-time constraints. The goal is to generate implementations with optimal response times, memory allocation, and energy consumption.…”

Section: A Optimization Of Reconfigurable Codes Under Real-time and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the system is formally verified, then we validate the different models by using an extension of the OCL language named R-OCL reported in [29]. When the system design is completely validated, the whole architecture is automatically implemented as reported in [30] by reducing redundancies in different configurations or by improving the performance of generated tasks. We perform the test of reconfigurable tasks as reported in [31] before going to the co-design of the hardware and software parts where a methodology named Rco-design is reported in [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

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On Reconfiguration Theory of Discrete-Event Systems: From Initial Specification Until Final Deployment

Khalgui

Mosbahi

2019

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an overview on different research activities that we did in the recent decade for developing reconfigurable discrete-event systems (RDESs) from initial high-level specification according to user requirements until final low-level deployment in target hardware components. A reconfiguration is any run-time scenario that adapts the system's behavior to any evolution in the related environment by adding or removing services or also configuring their parameters, i.e., their frequency, execution time, or also their location in the considered hardware architecture. Since the development of distributed RDESs under functional and extra-functional constraints is required by experts, we propose a complete methodology that deals first with their initial design with a new general profile named R-UML extending unified modeling language (UML) or also with new specific technology-oriented profiles, the validation of the related models with a new language R-OCL extending object constraint language (OCL), before their transformation to formal formalisms, such as Petri nets, timed automata, or B method for simulation or also formal verification of different properties. The checked models are transformed into OS reconfigurable tasks in the operational level, before applying a co-design methodology under functional, real-time, memory, and energy constraints for minimizing redundancies in tasks and for optimizing the composition of software and hardware parts together. We describe technology-oriented solutions for the scheduling of distributed RDESs by parameterizing tasks and their exchanged messages between multi-speed networked processors. We finish with the real low-level deployment on target hardware devices before applying useful software and hardware tests for checking the delivered system quality. These contributions, published in different journal and conference papers, are applied to different applications in medicine, wireless sensor networks, transportation systems, manufacturing industry, smart grids and microgrids, embedded technologies, and so on. We find significant gains in terms of the system reactivity and flexibility under related constraints. INDEX TERMS Discrete-event system, modeling and verification, design and validation, implementation and scheduling, real-time and energy aware scheduling, test and simulation, co-design and deployment, application. I. INTRODUCTION Automatic flexibility becomes a required criterion for dynamic system adaptability to any possible evolution in related environment. A reconfigurable system is considered in this paper as a discrete-event system (RDES) that adapts its behavior to recover faults or also improve required performance at run-time. It is a set of wired/wireless networked devices that run independent/dependent control software tasks exchanging messages on the network [1], [2]. These tasks and consequently the related messages should be executed under functional, memory, real-time, and energy constraints described in user requirements [3]-[5]. A reconfi...

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“…The limited energy associated with WSNs is a major bottleneck of WSN technologies. Therefore, we need a specific protocol for LLN's like RPL (Routing protocol for LLNs), which is standardized by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in 2011 (Khallef et al, 2017) (Lakhdhar et al, 2018) (Gu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QCOF: New RPL Extension for QoS and Congestion-Aware in Low Power and Lossy Network

Aissa

Grichi

Khalgui

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Software Technologies

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Low power and lossy networks (LLNs) require a routing protocol under real-time and energy constraints, congestion aware and packet priority. Thus, Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy network (RPL) is recommended by Internet Engineering Task force (IETF) for LLN applications. In RPL, nodes select their optimal paths towards their preferred parents after meeting routing metrics that are injected in the objective function (OF). However, RPL did not impose any routing metric and left it open for implementation. In this paper, we propose a new RPL objective function which is based on the quality of service (QoS) and congestion-aware. In the case paths fail, we define new RPL control messages for enriching the network by adding more routing nodes. Extensive simulations show that QCOF achieves significant improvement in comparison with the existing objective functions, and appropriately satisfies real-time applications under QoS and network congestion.

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Multiobjective Optimization Approach for a Portable Development of Reconfigurable Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation

Cited by 41 publications

References 31 publications

Improved Multi-Core Real-Time Task Scheduling of Reconfigurable Systems With Energy Constraints

Improved Multi-Core Real-Time Task Scheduling of Reconfigurable Systems With Energy Constraints

On Reconfiguration Theory of Discrete-Event Systems: From Initial Specification Until Final Deployment

QCOF: New RPL Extension for QoS and Congestion-Aware in Low Power and Lossy Network

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