Multinational Maids: Stepwise Migration in a Global Labor Market

Paul, Anju Mary

doi:10.1355/sj34-1j

Cited by 30 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…Among the 61 participants in Los Angeles, 52 considered the United States their home for the rest of their lives or at least until retirement. This finding echoes Paul's (2017) study of Filipino domestic workers, who usually ranked the United States at the top in the hierarchy of preferred destination countries, but the subjective construction of the hierarchy has much to do with immigration policy. There are multiple pathways for migrants in the United States to apply for permanent residency and citizenship, including those sponsored by employers via H1B visas as a first step and by relatives through family reunification and marriage, whereas these pathways are much narrower in Singapore.…”

Section: Immigration Policy Of the Host Countrysupporting

confidence: 58%

“…A comparative approach can overcome this shortcoming and identify drivers and motivations in multinational migration in a more robust way. For example, by comparing Filipino and Indonesian domestic workers, Paul (2017, p. 137) revealed how marriage, educational attainment, overseas networks, and cultural affiliations had led to divergent “destination aspirations and migration trajectories” between the two groups. Drawing on Paul (2017), this study takes a step further on this comparative approach.…”

Section: Methodology: a Three‐way Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, by comparing Filipino and Indonesian domestic workers, Paul (2017, p. 137) revealed how marriage, educational attainment, overseas networks, and cultural affiliations had led to divergent “destination aspirations and migration trajectories” between the two groups. Drawing on Paul (2017), this study takes a step further on this comparative approach. We conduct a three‐way comparison to reveal not only factors that drive multinational migration but also how these factors interact with one another to affect migrants' motivations and actions.…”

Section: Methodology: a Three‐way Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other strand of scholarship on multinational migration focuses on low‐capital and low‐skilled migrants or refugees from developing countries of the Global South. Paul (2011, 2017) employs the concept of stepwise migration to capture how domestic workers from the Philippines have managed to settle down in North America or Europe by moving through a hierarchy of countries. Paul emphasises the agency of low‐capital migrants in navigating through the unfavourable opportunity structure to eventually reach a more favourable destination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New dynamics of multinational migration: Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles

Zhan

Aricat

Zhou

2020

Geographical Research

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The emerging literature on multinational migration highlights migratory journeys that involve more than one country of destination. This article focuses on the lived experiences of new Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles. We conduct a novel three‐way comparison to examine personal choices to engage in additional migration(s) and to consider the reasons behind such moves. Drawing on in‐depth interviews and analyses of policy documents, we find that new, especially skilled, migrants from China and India actively participate in multinational migration. However, variations exist between these two national origin groups and between the two global cities. Factors affecting decisions about whether and where to further migrate include immigration policy of the host country, job opportunities, homeland economic development, and migration networks. Singapore regulates migrants' long‐term settlement more tightly than does the United States; thus, migrants in the former are more likely than the latter to move onward to another country. Due to a more robust economy in the homeland, Chinese migrants are more likely to return and are thus less likely to migrate to a third country than their Indian counterparts. Job opportunities and migration networks also have strong effects on personal decisions concerning additional migration(s).

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Section: Immigration Policy Of the Host Countrysupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodology: a Three‐way Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology: a Three‐way Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New dynamics of multinational migration: Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles

Zhan

Aricat

Zhou

2020

Geographical Research

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“…Multinational migrations have been observed among high‐skilled expatriate migrants who often have built‐in mobility expectations as part of their careers (Aydemir & Robinson, 2008; Beaverstock, 2002; Carlos, 2013; DeVoretz & Ma, 2002; DeVoretz, Ma, & Zhang, 2003; King & Newbold, 2007; Ossman, 2013; Siu, 2004). But such migrations have also been documented among low‐ and middle‐skilled migrants for whom this migration pattern may offer a way to leverage the human, economic, social, and cultural capital they acquire in one overseas destination to climb their destination hierarchies (Paul, 2011, 2015, 2017; Tsujimoto, 2016). For other migrants, multinational migrations become a livelihood necessity and may take a downward trajectory (Parreñas, Silvey, Hwang, & Choi, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological innovations in studying multinational migrations

Paul

Yeoh

2020

Geographical Research

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A growing body of migration scholarship has highlighted the inadequacies of a single‐origin, single‐destination model for thinking about international migration in the 21st century. Multinational migrations—involving the varied movements of international migrants across more than one overseas destination with significant time spent in each overseas country—have been observed among high‐skilled migrants, low‐wage labour migrants, and documented and undocumented migrants. But given the extended temporality, multispatiality, and complexity of multinational migrations, the study of such onward movements can be fraught with difficulty. These methodological challenges must be added to the existing issues surrounding most international migration scholarship: methodological nationalism, essentialism, and skewed positionality. This special section highlights a range of research methods and approaches well suited to addressing these concerns. Collectively, the papers investigate various patterns of multinational migration across a range of migrant categories and spanning multiple world regions, addressing questions about the prevalence and drivers of these complex processes. They also offer a toolkit of methodological approaches—including mental mapping, trajectory analysis, attending to the family/household as the scale of analysis, multisited ethnographies, and longitudinal research—as suggested ways of studying multinational migrations.

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Onward Migration and Transnationalism: What Are the Interconnections?

Ahrens

King²

2022

IMISCOE Research Series

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This introductory chapter sets the scene for the book. It defines onward migration as a migration trajectory that involves extended stays in two or more destination countries and distinguishes it from competing and overlapping terms like stepwise and transit migration. Onward migration is a growing phenomenon within overall global migration dynamics, although statistics to document the scale and trends of this type of migration are scarce. The main aim of the chapter is to examine how onward migration and transnationalism are connected. This is achieved both by reference to a range of existing literature and by citing evidence from the succeeding chapters in the volume. We demonstrate both how transnationalism can shape onward migration and, the reverse, how different onward migration trajectories may result in different forms of transnationalism. In this latter context, we identify inter-generational, split, widening and re-routed transnationalism, again drawing on examples both from the book and from the wider literature. The final section of the chapter consists of a methodological discussion on the practicalities of researching onward migration and multi-sited transnationalism, in which the technique of multi-sited ethnography is discussed, critiqued and modified.

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Multinational Maids: Stepwise Migration in a Global Labor Market

Cited by 30 publications

References 247 publications

New dynamics of multinational migration: Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles

New dynamics of multinational migration: Chinese and Indian migrants in Singapore and Los Angeles

Methodological innovations in studying multinational migrations

Onward Migration and Transnationalism: What Are the Interconnections?

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