Multimodality ultrasound assessment of the spleen: Normal appearances and emergency abnormalities

Iacobellis, Francesca; Schillirò, Maria Laura; Serafino, Marco Di; Borzelli, Antonio; Grimaldi, Dario; Verde, Francesco; Caruso, Martina; Orabona, Giuseppina Dell’Aversano; Rinaldo, Chiara; Sabatino, Vittorio; Cantisani, Vito; Vallone, Gianfranco; Romano, Luigia

doi:10.1002/jcu.23414

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 78 publications

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“…The venous phase starts after 40–60 s post-injection, being the optimal phase for organ injury detection. The healthy splenic parenchyma demonstrates a homogeneous enhancement for an extended period, approximately 5–7 min [ 5 ].…”

Section: Normal Splenic Appearances With Different Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Solitary Benign Splenic Lesions—Imaging Clues for a Noninvasive Diagnosis

et al. 2023

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Cross-sectional imaging of the upper abdomen, especially if intravenous contrast has been administered, will most likely reveal any acute or chronic disease harbored in the spleen. Unless imaging is performed with the specific purpose of evaluating the spleen or characterizing a known splenic lesion, incidentally discovered splenic lesions pose a small challenge. Solitary benign splenic lesions include cysts, hemangiomas, sclerosing angiomatous nodular transformation (SANT), hamartomas, and abscesses, among others. Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, although predominantly diffuse micronodular disease processes, may also present as a solitary splenic mass lesion. In addition, infarction and rupture, both traumatic and spontaneous, may take place in the spleen. This review aims to describe the imaging features of the most common benign focal splenic lesions, with emphasis on the imaging findings as these are encountered on routine cross-sectional imaging from a multicenter pool of cases that, coupled with clinical information, can allow a definite diagnosis.

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Section: Normal Splenic Appearances With Different Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Solitary Benign Splenic Lesions—Imaging Clues for a Noninvasive Diagnosis

et al. 2023

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Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound as a Method of Splenic Injury Assessment

Giordano,

Kobialka,

Bystron

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Ultrasound

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Splenic injuries are common in abdominal trauma, as the spleen is one of the most often harmed organs. The treatment of splenic injuries underwent major changes during the past decades, shifting from a surgical approach to nonoperative management. This change of the proceedings results from a constantly growing awareness of the spleen’s crucial hematological and immunological function and was possible owing to the advances in radiological techniques. In a setting of high-energy trauma in hemodynamically stable patients, computed tomography (CT) remains the gold standard. Where ultrasonography (US) is of major importance is in cases of unstable patients undergone high-energy trauma or in patients after low-energy trauma. Nevertheless, baseline US’s sensitivity is not sufficient to detect splenic traumatic injuries; hence, a new method was developed involving ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), called contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In a low-energy trauma setting, it facilitates the diagnosis of abdominal lesions with a sensitivity close to that of CT, without the disadvantages of the latter. In addition, CEUS can be used in the follow-up of abdominal traumatic injuries. The fact that CEUS preserves CT’s sensitivity while not carrying the risk of radiation-induced cancer makes it feasible for children and pregnant women. This review aims to discuss the technical aspects of CEUS, the limitations, and possibilities regarding this modality, present the appearance of both a healthy and injured spleen, and compare CEUS’s effectiveness to that of CT through an analysis of retrievable studies.

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Multimodality ultrasound assessment of the spleen: Normal appearances and emergency abnormalities

Cited by 2 publications

References 78 publications

The Spectrum of Solitary Benign Splenic Lesions—Imaging Clues for a Noninvasive Diagnosis

The Spectrum of Solitary Benign Splenic Lesions—Imaging Clues for a Noninvasive Diagnosis

Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound as a Method of Splenic Injury Assessment

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