Multimodality imaging of the paediatric flatfoot

Berkeley, Rupert; Tennant, S; Saifuddin, Asif

doi:10.1007/s00256-021-03806-8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Radiographs show an increased talocalcaneal angle on AP and lateral projections. [37][38][39] Congenital Vertical Talus Congenital vertical talus (CVT), also known as congenital convex pes valgus, is a severe form of congenital rigid flatfoot. 34 It has an incidence of 1 in 10,000, affecting males and females with equally.…”

Section: Skewfootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children

Clemente

Gómez

March³

et al. 2023

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with congenital disorders the most frequent cause, followed by acquired conditions. Congenital disorders include congenital talipes equinovarus or congenital clubfoot, metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, congenital vertical talus, and tarsal coalition.Some of these deformities are frequent and easily diagnosed based on clinical features, but clinical overlap between pathologies can be challenging. Thus imaging plays a paramount role in evaluating these patients. Radiographs are the first imaging modality of choice, but they may not be sufficient in infants due to the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography allows not only a detailed visualization of the cartilaginous structures but also permits a dynamic study of the foot and ankle. Computed tomography may be necessary in certain conditions such as tarsal coalitions.

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Section: Skewfootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children

Clemente

Gómez

March³

et al. 2023

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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“…Plain radiographic assessment is frequently utilized as a first approach during the initial diagnostic workup of a suspected flatfoot, even though the clinical relevance of these measurements is unclear or outright unnecessary in cases of asymptomatic feet [27]. The most common radiographic quantitative parameters are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Radiographic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Flatfoot: Is There a Need for Surgical Referral?

Luna

Khal

Milliken

et al. 2023

JCM

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Pediatric foot deformities are a common finding, concerning up to 44% of preschool aged children. The absence of accepted international guidelines, as well as heterogeneity in definitions and measurements, makes management of pediatric flatfoot a challenge, and decisions surrounding specialized care referral confusing and biased. The objective of this narrative review is to provide guidance to primary care physicians treating these patients. A non-systematic review of the literature regarding the development, etiology, and clinical and radiographic assessment of flatfeet using the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The exclusion criteria for the review were adult populations, papers detailing the outcome of a specific surgical procedure, and publications prior to 2001. The included articles showed great heterogeneity in definition and proposed management, which makes the study of pediatric flatfoot challenging. Flatfoot is a common finding in children under 10 years old, and should not be considered pathological unless stiffness or functional limitation are present. Surgical referral should be reserved to children with stiff or painful flatfoot, while simple observation is indicated for flexible, asymptomatic flatfeet.

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“…Acquired pes planus is seen after skeletal maturation and develops secondary to reasons such as posterior tibial tendon degeneration, neuromuscular disease, trauma, and arthritis [3]. Pes planus clinic can be asymptomatic, as well as cause pain in the medial arch of the ankle and foot, deterioration in gait, postural disorders in individuals, and various problems in the musculoskeletal system [1,4]. Additionally, the condition can significantly decrease the shock absorption capacity of the feet, increasing the risk of developing various health complications, including toe deformity, and ankle arthritis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lateral radiographs offer better visualization of the medial longitudinal arch and talonavicular joint. In lateral projections, the talus-first metatarsal angle (Meary's angle), calcaneal inclination angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, and navicular index can be evaluated [3,4]. The calcaneal inclination angle is the angle between the line drawn from the most plantar point of the calcaneus to the inferior border of the calcaneocuboid joint and the horizontal plane line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Deep Transfer Learning-Based Approach for Automated Pes Planus Diagnosis Using X-ray Image

et al. 2023

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Pes planus, colloquially known as flatfoot, is a deformity defined as the collapse, flattening or loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. The first standard radiographic examination for diagnosing pes planus involves lateral and dorsoplantar weight-bearing radiographs. Recently, many artificial intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and models have been developed for the detection of various diseases from radiological images. However, to the best of our knowledge, no model and system has been proposed in the literature for automated pes planus diagnosis using X-ray images. This study presents a novel deep learning-based model for automated pes planus diagnosis using X-ray images, a first in the literature. To perform this study, a new pes planus dataset consisting of weight-bearing X-ray images was collected and labeled by specialist radiologists. In the preprocessing stage, the number of X-ray images was augmented and then divided into 4 and 16 patches, respectively in a pyramidal fashion. Thus, a total of 21 images are obtained for each image, including 20 patches and one original image. These 21 images were then fed to the pre-trained MobileNetV2 and 21,000 features were extracted from the Logits layer. Among the extracted deep features, the most important 1312 features were selected using the proposed iterative ReliefF algorithm, and then classified with support vector machine (SVM). The proposed deep learning-based framework achieved 95.14% accuracy using 10-fold cross validation. The results demonstrate that our transfer learning-based model can be used as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing pes planus in clinical practice.

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Multimodality imaging of the paediatric flatfoot

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children

Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children

Pediatric Flatfoot: Is There a Need for Surgical Referral?

A Novel Deep Transfer Learning-Based Approach for Automated Pes Planus Diagnosis Using X-ray Image

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