Background Surgery for obesity and metabolic diseases has been evolved in the light of new scientific evidence, long-term outcomes and accumulated experience. EAES has sponsored an update of previous guidelines on bariatric surgery. Methods A multidisciplinary group of bariatric surgeons, obesity physicians, nutritional experts, psychologists, anesthetists and a patient representative comprised the guideline development panel. Development and reporting conformed to GRADE guidelines and AGREE II standards. Results Systematic review of databases, record selection, data extraction and synthesis, evidence appraisal and evidence-todecision frameworks were developed for 42 key questions in the domains Indication; Preoperative work-up; Perioperative management; Non-bypass, bypass and one-anastomosis procedures; Revisional surgery; Postoperative care; and Investigational procedures. A total of 36 recommendations and position statements were formed through a modified Delphi procedure. and Other Interventional Techniques Disclaimer This clinical practice guideline has been developed under the auspice of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). It is intended to be used primarily by health professionals (e.g. surgeons, anesthetists, physicians) and to assist in making informed clinical decisions on diagnostic measures and therapeutic management. It is also intended to inform individual practice of allied health professionals (e.g. surgical nurses, dietitians, physical rehabilitation therapists, psychologists); to inform strategic planning and resource management by healthcare authorities (e.g. regional and national authorities, healthcare institutions, hospital administration authorities); and to inform patients wishing to obtain an overview of the condition of interest and its management. The use of recommendations contained herein must be informed by supporting evidence accompanying each recommendation and by research evidence that might not have been published by the time of writing the present document. Users must thus base their actions informed by newly published evidence at any given point Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
