Multimodal neuroimaging in a child with sporadic hemiplegic migraine: A contribution to understanding pathogenesis

Toldo, Irene; Cecchin, Diego; Sartori, Stefano; Calderone, Milena; Mardari, Rodica; Cattelan, Francesca; Laverda, Anna Maria; Drigo, Paola; Battistella, Pier Antonio

doi:10.1177/0333102410392068

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The hypothesis of a mitochondrial deficiency was also put forward by a study in which decreased NAA was found in the (left) thalamus of MwoA patients (36). Finally, a reduced NAA concentration was also found at rest in the cerebellum of FHM1 patients (37), in the left temporoparietal cortex (site of migrainous stroke) of a sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) patient (38) and in the occipital cortex of another SHM patient (39), which has been rather attributed to neuronal impairment or loss. The latter is obvious in migrainous stroke but may also fit with the frequently observed cerebellar atrophy in FHM (40).…”

Section: Naamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…All but five studies (9,18,19,37,39) reported the age-ranges of both migraine patients and controls.…”

Section: Age and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, most subjects were between 20 and 45 years of age, but there are limited data in children and adolescents (14,17,39,49).…”

Section: Age and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attack-free intervals ranged from 48 hours (12,27,30,31) to a few days (11,28,34,49), from a week (5-7, 10, 14) to more than a week (17,19,20,23,39). In all other studies no information concerning the attack-free period is specified (8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 36, 37, 45, 48, 54).…”

Section: Ictal Versus Interictalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that the signal-to-noise ratio, in particular in 31 (11,12). In a few studies information concerning coil specification was lacking (37)(38)(39)49). Table 4 describes which MRS localization technique was used in each study.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Strength and Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in migraine: What have we learned so far?

2012

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Objective: To summarize and evaluate proton (1H) and phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in migraine. Methods: A thorough review of 1H and/or 31P-MRS studies in any form of migraine published up to September 2011. Results: Some findings were consistent in all studies, such as a lack of ictal/interictal brain pH change and a disturbed energy metabolism, the latter of which is reflected in a drop in phosphocreatine content, both in the resting brain and in muscle following exercise. In a recent interictal study ATP was found to be significantly decreased in the occipital lobe of migraine with aura patients, reinforcing the concept of a mitochondrial component to the migraine threshold, at least in a subgroup of patients. In several studies a correlation between the extent of the energy disturbance and the clinical phenotype severity was apparent. Less consistent but still congruent with a disturbed energy metabolism is an observed lactate increase in the occipital cortex of several migraine subtypes (MwA, migraine with prolonged aura). No increases in brain glutamate levels were found. Conclusion: The combined abnormalities found in MRS studies imply a mitochondrial component in migraine neurobiology. This could be due to a primary mitochondrial dysfunction or be secondary to, for example, alterations in brain excitability. The extent of variation in the data can be attributed to both the variable clinical inclusion criteria used and the variation in applied methodology. Therefore it is necessary to continue to optimize MRS methodology to gain further insights, especially concerning lactate and glutamate.

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