Multimodal Millennials? The Four Traveler Types of Young People in the United States in 2009

Ralph, Kelcie

doi:10.1177/0739456x16651930

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Pronello and Camusso (2011) found four traveller types in Alessandria, Italy, based on survey respondents’ travel behaviour and attitudes. Likewise, Ralph (2016) classified young people based on their recent travel behaviour and access to mobility tools. Drawing from Ralph (2016), this study estimated traveller clusters based on travel behaviour and access to mobility tools, before comparing the characteristics of these clusters with broader household and demographic characteristics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who uses ride‐hailing? Policy implications and evidence from the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area

Shi

Sweet

2020

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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While many are eager to guide policy decisions on ride‐hailing, understanding the broader social and travel implications hinges on local contexts. Towards providing policy guidance in the Canadian context, this paper explores how mobility sub‐markets are related to ride‐hailing use in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. Using data from a 2018 travel survey, cluster analysis is used to identify four traveller sub‐markets which are compared with ride‐hailing use. The first comprises “multi‐modalists,” who are younger, mobile, educated, and represent the largest group of ride‐hailing users. Second are users in two auto‐oriented markets—“private modalists” and “auto dependents”—who are older and least likely to engage in ride‐hailing. Finally, “low‐mobility travellers” are the most socio‐economically vulnerable and have lower household incomes, lower education attainment, lower likelihoods of being employed, fewer cars per household, and the highest reliance on public transportation among users in the traveller sub‐markets. Nevertheless, this group represents the second largest market for ride‐hailing, which fills a mobility gap in the absence of auto access. Understanding the social and travel behaviour implications from ride‐hailing is important towards crafting context‐appropriate public policy. Results from this study suggest that ride‐hailing is primarily used by those who are already highly mobile (multi‐modalists) and those who are most vulnerable (low‐mobility travellers).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who uses ride‐hailing? Policy implications and evidence from the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area

Shi

Sweet

2020

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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“…By contrast, studies that employed a national sample-beyond just urban areas-tend to emphasize Narrative 2 (Klein & Smart, 2017, Brown et al;, Ralph, 2016. National surveys ideally provide a more comprehensive picture of millennial travel patterns than surveys conducted exclusively in urban areas.…”

Section: Sampling Differences and Millennial Narrativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, they are simply reacting to difficult economic circumstances that have shrunk their ability to pay for a car (Klein & Smart, 2017). In fact, car-less and multimodal millennials are more likely to be low income, from minority groups and without a high school degree (Ralph, 2016;Brown, Blumenberg, Taylor, Ralph, & Turley Voulgaris, 2016). In this narrative, sustainable travel behavior is a symptom of disadvantage rather than a symbol of hope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tale of two millennials

Delbosc

Ralph

2017

JTLU

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Abstract:In recent years, the millennial generation (those born roughly between 1980 and 2000) has gained significant attention in transport research. Initial research characterized this generation as multimodal, urban and tech-savvy; they have at times been painted as our great hope for a sustainable transport future. Yet more recently a parallel narrative has emerged. According to this view, millennials are simply reacting to difficult economic circumstances that have restricted their ability to pay for a car. This paper explores the evidence for these two conflicting narratives of the millennial generation and possible reasons why the two narratives have come about. It discusses the implications of the two millennial narratives on both social and technological equity and sets out initial thoughts on how these issues may be addressed in future research and policy.

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“…Among studies that investigate heterogeneity within the millennial generation, Garikapati et al (6) find that younger millennials are quite different from older millennials even after controlling for age effects. It appears that older millennials show some of the traits of Generation X, the generation that just preceded the millennials while younger millennials show a greater difference relative to Generation X. Ralph (7) performs a latent class analysis to investigate millennials' travel patterns and identifies four distinct traveler types among this generation: individuals that travel almost exclusively by automobile, individuals that travel (drive) long distances, individuals that use a mix of modes (multimodal), and individuals that are car-less and make very few trips. Key sociodemographic traits, such as being younger, single, and living in dense urban areas, are reported to be associated with being multimodal or car-less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Heterogeneity in Vehicle Ownership and Usage for the Millennial Generation

Lavieri

Garikapati

Bhat

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Record

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This paper explores differences in activity-travel behavior within the millennial generation with a view to better understand how their choices might shape transportation systems of the future. Through the estimation of a Generalized Heterogeneous Data Model on a special millennial mobility attitudes survey data set, this study investigates heterogeneity among millennials with respect to their driver's license holding status, vehicle ownership, and commute mode choice. After accounting for self-selection effects, age, parenting status, and location of residence have a substantial and statistically significant influence on auto-oriented mobility choices. Millennials seem to become more auto-oriented as they age and gain economic resources. Parenthood is associated with an increase in driver's license holding and personal vehicle ownership; however, in general, it does not seem to have a direct impact on commute mode choice. For all types of millennials, mode choice seems to be strongly related with residential location. Thus, the development of a well-connected public transit system and dense, mixed land-use are still the key ingredients to reducing car commute. Planning professionals should explore ways to retain millennials in the city core so that their sustainable transportation mode use patterns can be preserved into the future.

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Multimodal Millennials? The Four Traveler Types of Young People in the United States in 2009

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

Who uses ride‐hailing? Policy implications and evidence from the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area

Who uses ride‐hailing? Policy implications and evidence from the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area

A tale of two millennials

Investigation of Heterogeneity in Vehicle Ownership and Usage for the Millennial Generation

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