Background:
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adults is most commonly associated with
neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pathologic myopia. Though less common, CNV can
also develop from other conditions such as uveitis, central serous chorioretinopathy, angioid streaks, intraocular
tumors, hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies, or can be idiopathic in origin. If left untreated, CNV may cause
visual loss because of exudation of intraretinal or subretinal fluid, retinal or subretinal hemorrhage, or fibrosis
involving the macula. It is well known that one of the main drivers of angiogenesis in CNV development is vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore inhibitors of VEGF might be an effective treatment for
CNV.
Methods:
The goal of this review is to provide an overview and summary in the use of pharmacotherapy especially
anti-VEGF therapy, in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes.
Results:
Results from uncontrolled case series and controlled clinical trials have reported good efficacy and
safety in using anti-VEGF agents including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and ziv-aflibercept in the
treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. Anti-VEGF has also been used in combination with verteporfin PDT
and anti-inflammatory agents for treating CNV of various causes.
Conclusion:
Pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is an effective treatment option for CNV due to uncommon
etiologies.