Multimodal Imaging-Guided Antitumor Photothermal Therapy and Drug Delivery Using Bismuth Selenide Spherical Sponge

Abstract

Elaborately designed biocompatible nanoplatforms simultaneously having diverse therapeutic and imaging functions are highly desired for biomedical applications. Herein, a BiSe nanoagent with a special morphology as a nanoscale spherical sponge (NSS) has been fabricated and investigated in vitro and in vivo. The highly porous NSS exhibits strong, steady, and broad-band absorbance in the near-infrared range as well as high efficiency and stability of photothermal conversion, resulting in high antitumor efficacy for photothermal therapy (PTT). Together with a high X-ray attenuation coefficient (218% that of the clinically used iopromide), the NSS shows excellent performance on triple-modal high-contrast imaging, including X-ray-computed tomography, multispectral optoacoustic tomography, and infrared thermal imaging. Furthermore, the high surface area and porous structure impart the NSS a competent drug loading capability as high as 600% of that on BiSe nanoplates, showing a bimodal pH/photothermal sensitive drug release and pronounced synergetic effects of thermo-chemotherapy with a tumor inhibition ratio even higher than that of PTT alone (∼94.4% vs ∼66.0%). Meanwhile, the NSS is highly biocompatible with rather low in vitro/in vivo toxicity and high stability, at variance with easily oxidized BiSe nanoagents reported previously. Such biocompatible single-component theranostic nanoagents produced by a facile synthesis and highly integrated multimodal imaging and multiple therapeutic functions may have substantial potentials for clinical antitumor applications. This highly porous nanostructure with a large fraction of void space may allow versatile use of the NSS, for example, in catalysis, gas sensing, and energy storage, in addition to accommodating drugs and other biomolecules.

Decorated ultrathin bismuth selenide nanosheets as targeted theranostic agents for in vivo imaging guided cancer radiation therapy

“…Therefore, several Bi-based nanomaterials, such as Bi 2 S 3 nanodots, 32 Bi 2 S 3 nanorods 33 and Bi 2 Se 3 NPs with different morphologies, [34][35][36][37][38] have been proposed as X-ray CT contrast agents and radio-/photothermal therapy sensitizing agents. Compared with orthorhombic Bi 2 S 3 , the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 has a two-dimensional layered rhombohedral structure with a unique surface electronic state 39,40 and has aroused increasing interest in biomedical applications due to its multifunctionality and good biocompatibility.…”

Modus Operandi of Simultaneous Covering Synthesis from Precursor Heterogeneity for Shelled Nanorods for Multipotent Cancer Theranostics

“…For the preparation of BTCNs, the amorphous bismuth oxide nanosheet (BiO) was first synthesized via a previously reported method with a slight modification . The synthesized BiO was purified to remove the unreacted molecules by centrifugation and was then used as a heterogeneous precursor for the BTCN formation.…”

High efficient photothermal energy conversion of topologic insulator Bi2Se3 nanosheets thin film

“…33 Moreover, the excellent photothermal conversion ability of Bi 2 Se 3 has been investigated due to the extremely narrow band gap and localized surface plasmons enhancement, which can result in enhanced photothermal conversion effect even with a low concentration. [34][35][36] Given the flexibility and thermal stability of the Bi 2 Se 3 nanosheets, it's especially suitable to develop Bi 2 Se 3 nanosheets thin film as a flexible heater by noncontact laser heating.…”