Multimodal hallucinations are associated with poor mental health and negatively impact auditory hallucinations in the general population: Results from an epidemiological study

Laloyaux, Julien; Bless, Josef J.; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Kråkvik, Bodil; Vedul‐Kjelsås, Einar; Kalhovde, Anne Martha; Larøi, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.005

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Given the inherent complexities and variability of these individual experiences, further replication of these analyses in large and discrete clinical cohorts is necessary to ascertain whether these results would be consistently upheld. The fact that our findings contrasted with that of Laloyaux et al [4] could possibly be explained by the different cohorts under consideration. The general community sample examined in the latter study could mean that involvement of multiple senses denoted hallucinations of greater clinical significance, whereas for persons above a diagnostic threshold as in our sample, there was less of an impact.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…From the patient’s perspective, it has been posited that hallucinatory experiences across more than one sensory domain may be associated with increased conviction regarding perceived veracity, thereby inciting heightened emotional distress, though this remains to be empirically corroborated [3]. An epidemiological study in the general population found that up to 72% of participants experiencing voices also endorsed hallucinatory experiences in at least one other sensory domain [4]. Notably, the presence of multimodal hallucinations was not only associated with increased anxiety and depression but also more frequent and less neutral voices, which significantly interfered with daily functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities

2021

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There has been burgeoning interest in studying hallucinations in psychosis occurring across multiple sensory modalities. The current study aimed to characterize the auditory hallucination and delusion profiles in patients with auditory hallucinations only versus those with multisensory hallucinations. Participants with psychosis were partitioned into groups with voices only (AVH; <i>n</i> = 50) versus voices plus hallucinations in at least one other sensory modality (AVH+; <i>n</i> = 50), based on their responses on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Basic demographic and clinical information was collected, and the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences (QPE) was used to assess psychosis phenomenology. Relative to the AVH group, greater compliance to perceived commands, auditory illusions, and sensed presences was significantly elevated in the AVH+ group. The latter group also had greater levels of delusion-related distress and functional impairment and was more likely to endorse delusions of reference and misidentification. This preliminary study uncovered important phenomenological differences in those with multisensory hallucinations. Future hallucination research extending beyond the auditory modality is needed.

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Section: Discussion/conclusioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities

2021

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“…In two such studies, 62% and 26% of the participants reported the experience of visual hallucinations over a period of one week, whereas 49% and 34% reported auditory hallucinations [24,25]. Furthermore, the combined occurrence of auditory and visual hallucinations may be considerably more common in psychosis than unimodal auditory hallucinations [24,44].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying auditory impressions in dreams in order to assess the relevance of dreaming as a model for psychosis

Fosse

Larøi

2020

PLoS ONE

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A long noted hypothesis is that mechanisms of dreaming play a role in psychotic hallucinations. One challenge for this hypothesis is that while psychotic hallucinations primarily are auditory, dreaming most characteristically is visual. At the same time, previous studies have not explicitly examined auditory impressions in dreaming. Here, we mapped the prevalence and characteristics of auditory impressions in 130 dreams reported after spontaneous awakenings from sleep in 13 normal, healthy people. We instructed participants to report any dream they could recall and to pay particular attention to possible auditory impressions. The participants reported auditory impressions in 93.9% of their dreams on average. The most prevalent auditory type was other people speaking (83.9% of participants' dreams), followed by the dreamer speaking (60.0%), and other types of sounds (e.g. music, 33.1%). Of altogether 407 instances of auditory impressions in the 130 dreams, auditory quality was judged comparable to waking in 46.4%, indeterminate in 50.6%, and absent or only thought-like in 2.9%. The results suggest that also internally generated auditory (verbal) sensations are a central component of dreaming, typically occurring several times every night in normal, healthy people.

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“…Much work indicates that subclinical hallucinatory experiences share risk factors with clinical psychosis and are associated with significant burden (Baumeister, Sedgwick, Howes, & Peters, 2017; Laloyaux et al, 2019; Linscott & van Os, 2013). However, little is known about the presentation and clinical implications of different modalities of hallucinations in community samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of previous work exclusively investigated auditory and sometimes visual hallucinations, frequently neglecting other sensory modalities, like haptic and olfactory hallucinations, and most commonly used self-report only. As a large proportion of psychotic patients hallucinate in more than one sensory modality (Lim, Hoek, Deen, Blom, & Investigators, 2016; Llorca et al, 2016; McCarthy-Jones et al, 2017), it has been proposed that the possible mechanisms behind hallucinations present in psychiatric disorders are multimodal by nature (Ffytche & Wible, 2014; Laloyaux et al, 2019; Rollins et al, 2019). Hallucinations that arise from the activation of primary sensory areas tend to be simple and unimodal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for an interrelated cluster of Hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an incidence study

et al. 2020

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Background Although hallucinations have been studied in terms of prevalence and its associations with psychopathology and functional impairment, very little is known about sensory modalities other than auditory (i.e. haptic, visual and olfactory), as well the incidence of hallucinations, factors predicting incidence and subsequent course. Methods We examined the incidence, course and risk factors of hallucinatory experiences across different modalities in two unique prospective general population cohorts in the same country using similar methodology and with three interview waves, one over the period 1996–1999 (NEMESIS) and one over the period 2007–2015 (NEMESIS-2). Results In NEMESIS-2, the yearly incidence of self-reported visual hallucinations was highest (0.33%), followed by haptic hallucinations (0.31%), auditory hallucinations (0.26%) and olfactory hallucinations (0.23%). Rates in NEMESIS-1 were similar (respectively: 0.35%, 0.26%, 0.23%, 0.22%). The incidence of clinician-confirmed hallucinations was approximately 60% of the self-reported rate. The persistence rate of incident hallucinations was around 20–30%, increasing to 40–50% for prevalent hallucinations. Incident hallucinations in one modality were very strongly associated with occurrence in another modality (median OR = 59) and all modalities were strongly associated with delusional ideation (median OR = 21). Modalities were approximately equally strongly associated with the presence of any mental disorder (median OR = 4), functioning, indicators of help-seeking and established environmental risk factors for psychotic disorder. Conclusions Hallucinations across different modalities are a clinically relevant feature of non-psychotic disorders and need to be studied in relation to each other and in relation to delusional ideation, as all appear to have a common underlying mechanism.

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Multimodal hallucinations are associated with poor mental health and negatively impact auditory hallucinations in the general population: Results from an epidemiological study

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities

Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities

Quantifying auditory impressions in dreams in order to assess the relevance of dreaming as a model for psychosis

Evidence for an interrelated cluster of Hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an incidence study

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