Multimedia fate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in a water-scarce city by coupling fugacity model and HYDRUS-1D model

Water, Water Everywhere, but Every Drop Unique: Challenges in the Science to Understand the Role of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Management of Drinking Water Supplies

“…Hypothesis testing or sensitivity analysis can identify which environmental processes dominate CEC environmental behavior, thereby directing further laboratory or field research to where it is most needed, is another common application (Åberg et al., 2015 ; Dale et al., 2015 ). Investigating the impact of future changes in emissions or environmental conditions is another useful application (Keller et al., 2015 ; van Wijnen et al., 2019 ; Wu et al., 2023 ). This could include using exposure models to evaluate exposure mitigation strategies, such as the effect of upgrading WWTP removal technology (Kehrein et al., 2015 ), evaluating the relative environmental effect of prescribing one pharmaceutical over another (Allijn et al., 2018 ), or identifying where environmental quality standards could be exceeded (Arnot et al., 2006 ; Johnson et al., 2013 ).…”

“…Increased freshwater demand from growing populations, coupled with the regionally variable effects of climate change, can influence the occurrence of CECs in the water cycle. Models can help predict the effects of these changes on CEC exposure and fate through scenario‐analysis (Di Guardo et al., 2018 ; Wu et al., 2023 ). Drinking water is a potentially important CEC human exposure route (Nguyen et al., 2018 ), particularly as the distance between wastewater and drinking water is reduced through the combination of regionally variable climactic and demographic factors.…”