“…The empirical literature in the banking sector provides mixed and inconclusive findings. Several studies argue that a multimarket contact is positively related to banks' profitability (e.g, Whalen, 1996;Pilloff, 1999;Coccorese and Pellecchia, 2009), while other papers (e.g., Rhoades and Heggestad, 1985;De Bonis and Ferrando, 2000) provide limited support for the mutual forbearance nexus. Moreover, Mester (1987) shows that the crossproduct between market concentration and contact is more important than the individual effects.…”