Multilocus typing of Cryptosporidium spp. in young calves with diarrhea in Korea

Lee, Seung-Hun; VanBik, Dorene; Kim, Ha-Young; Lee, Yu-Ran; Kim, Jong Wan; Chae, Myeongju; Oh, Seong-Hwan; Goo, Youn‐Kyoung; Kwon, Oh-Deog; Kwak, Dongmi

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.09.019

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Cryptosporidium parvum infection was significantly associated with the occurrence of watery diarrhea in a univariate analysis, whereas C. ryanae or C. bovis infection was associated with the occurrence of moderate diarrhea. Previously, the pathogenic potential of C. bovis was suggested in some earlier reports based on its detection in preweaned calves with diarrhea (Silverlas and Blanco-Penedo, 2013;Lee et al, 2016). The present study represents, to our knowledge, the first description of such an association through statistical analysis of epidemiological data.…”

Section: Diarrhea Statussupporting

confidence: 55%

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in neonatal calves on a dairy farm in China

Wang

Cai

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology

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a b s t r a c tNeonatal diarrhea is one of the most important syndromes in dairy cattle. Among enteropathogens, Cryptosporidium spp. are primary causes of diarrhea, but outbreaks due to cryptosporidiosis are rarely reported in cattle. From January to April in 2016, severe diarrhea was observed in over 400 neonatal dairy calves on a large dairy farm in Jiangsu Province of East China. Approximately 360 calves died due to watery diarrhea despite antibiotic therapy. In this study, 18 fecal specimens were collected from seriously ill calves on this farm during the diarrhea outbreak, and analysed for common enteropathogens by enzymatic immunoassay (EIA). In a post-outbreak investigation, 418 and 1372 specimens collected from animals of various age groups were further analysed for rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. by EIA and PCR, respectively, to assess their roles in the occurrence of diarrhea on the farm. Cryptosporidium spp. were genotyped using established techniques. Initial EIA tests showed that 15/18 seriously ill calves during the outbreak were positive for Cryptosporidium parvum, while 8/18 were positive for rotavirus. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned calves on the farm was 22.7%, with odds of the Cryptosporidium infection during the outbreak 4.4-23.5 times higher than after the outbreak. Four Cryptosporidium spp. were identified after the outbreak including C. parvum (n = 79), Cryptosporidium ryanae (n = 48), Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 31), and Cryptosporidium andersoni (n = 3), with co-infections of multiple species being detected in 34 animals. Infection with C. parvum (73/79) was found in the majority of calves aged 3 weeks, consistent with the age of ill calves during the outbreak. All C. parvum isolates were identified as subtype IIdA19G1. In the post-outbreak investigation, C. parvum infection was associated with the occurrence of watery diarrhea in pre-weaned calves, C. ryanae infection was associated with moderate diarrhea in both pre-and post-weaned calves, while no association was identified between rotavirus infection and the occurrence of diarrhea. Results of logistic regression analysis further suggested that C. bovis infection might also be a risk factor for moderate diarrhea in calves. Thus, we believe this is the first report of a major outbreak of severe diarrhea caused by C. parvum IIdA19G1 in dairy calves. More attention should be directed toward preventing the dissemination of this virulent subtype in China.Ó

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Section: Diarrhea Statussupporting

confidence: 55%

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in neonatal calves on a dairy farm in China

Wang

Cai

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…The 18S rRNA of Cryptosporidium spp. was amplified using primer set 18SiF/18SiR as previously described [32]. To amplify β-giardin gene fragments from Giardia duodenalis , nested PCR was performed with two primer sets G7/G759 and G7n/G759n, as previously described [33].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causative agents and epidemiology of diarrhea in Korean native calves

et al. 2019

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Calf diarrhea caused by infectious agents is associated with economic losses in the cattle industry. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative agents and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea in Korean native calves (KNC). In total, 207 diarrheal KNC aged less than 7 months were investigated. Fecal samples collected from the rectum were examined for causative agents using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR and the number of oocysts were counted. Fourteen causative agents were detected from 164 of the 207 diarrheal KNC. Rotavirus was the most common agent (34.8%), followed by Eimeria spp. (31.7%), Escherichia coli (22.0%), Giardia spp. (14.0%), Clostridium difficile (9.8%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (8.5%), coronavirus (7.9%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.3%), torovirus (6.7%), parvovirus (5.5%), norovirus (4.9%), kobuvirus (1.8%), adenovirus (1.2%), and Salmonella spp. (0.6%). About 95 (57.9%) of 164 calves were infected with a single causative agent and 42.1% were infected by multiple agents. No significant difference was observed in mortality between calves infected with a single agent and multiple agents. The occurrence of diarrhea caused by rotavirus, Eimeria spp., kobuvirus, and Giardia spp. was significantly different based on onset age, and the prevalence of diarrhea caused by rotavirus or C. difficile was significantly different between seasons. This study help the understanding of KNC diarrhea for the development of an effective strategy for disease prevention and control, especially in Eastern provinces of South Korea.

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“…Since most of the literature we collected does not mention whether the collected pig manure samples have diarrhoea, insufficient data collection may also affect the stability of the results. Faeces excreted by non‐diarrhoeal pigs also carry Cryptosporidium oocysts and spread to other hosts (Lee et al., 2016). Therefore, pigs without symptoms of diarrhoea cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can cause gastrointestinal diseases in a variety of vertebrate hosts (Barrera et al., 2020), including artiodactyla and near‐toed order ungulates, as well as humans (Hatam‐Nahavandi et al., 2019). Cryptosporidiosis usually induces self‐limiting diarrhoea in individuals with normal immune function (Lee et al., 2016), but infection in immune‐compromised individuals can cause severe debilitating diseases and be life‐threatening (Yang et al., 2017). In addition, cryptosporidiosis is the leading cause of death from diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age, second only to rotavirus enteritis (Taghipour et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofCryptosporidiumin pigs in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Wang

Gong

Zeng

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Cryptosporidium is an important zoonotic parasite that can infect a variety of hosts, including pigs and humans, through water and food. Many studies on Cryptosporidium infection in pigs have been reported worldwide. However, the meta-analysis of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs in China has not been published. This study retrieved articles related to Cryptosporidium in pigs in China by using four databases: Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, VIP Chinese journal database and Wanfang Data. We retrieved 40 studies related to Cryptosporidium infection in China, and those articles were harvested from the inception to 1 January 2020. We estimated that the overall prevalence of pigs with Cryptosporidium in the selected period was 12.2% (4,349/30,404). In the sampling year subgroup, the prevalence rate after 2010 was the lowest at 8.7% (2,087/18,100). In Northern China, the Cryptosporidium prevalence was 47.9% (34/71). By contrast, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Southwestern China was only 6.9% (778/6,445). The infection rate of Cryptosporidium in diarrhoea pigs of 15.6% (74/384) was higher than that in non-diarrhoea pigs at 10.8% (378/2,840). Among the four age groups, the prevalence of weaning pigs of 16.2% (530/3,243) was the highest, and the difference was significant (p < .05). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in extensive farming was 25.7% (660/3,121), which was significantly higher than in intensive farming 8.7% (566/6,336), and the prevalence of infection was related to the farming modes (p < .05). We also analysed the impact of different geographic factor subgroups (longitude, latitude, precipitation, temperature, humidity, climate and altitude) on the prevalence of pigs. The results showed that cryptosporidiosis was widespread in pigs in China. We suggest that appropriate control schemes should be developed according to the differences in breeding patterns and geographic conditions in different regions, and effective management measures should be developed to reduce the spread between pigs.

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Multilocus typing of Cryptosporidium spp. in young calves with diarrhea in Korea

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in neonatal calves on a dairy farm in China

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in neonatal calves on a dairy farm in China

Causative agents and epidemiology of diarrhea in Korean native calves

Prevalence ofCryptosporidiumin pigs in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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