Multilocus typing of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis from non-human primates in China

Environmental Transport of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes through Combined Sewer Overflow and Wastewater

“…The dominant E. bieneusi genotype in wastewater and CSO in this study, genotype D, thus far has not been identified in humans in China because of the lack of studies. However, it was identified as the dominant E. bieneusi genotype in raw wastewater in Shanghai and other cities and in nonhuman primates in China, indicating that it may also be a major human pathogen in China (5,20).…”

Public health significance of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in wildlife: Critical insights into better drinking water management

“…), Mice ( Mus sp. ), Greater bilblies ( Macroties lagotis ), Girrafes house mice ( Mus musculus ), Eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), Golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ), Rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis ), Large footed mouse-eared bat ( Myotis adversus ), Japanese field mouse ( Apodemus argenteus ), Bilbies ( Macrotis lagotis ), Bank voles ( Clethrionomys glareolus ), Campbell hamster ( Phodopus campbelli ), Siberian hamster ( Phodopus sungorus ), Golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ), Mountain goats ( Oreamnos americanus ), Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ), East African mole rat ( Tachyoryctes splendens ), Ringed seal ( Pusa hispida ), Donkey ( Giraffa camelopardalis ), Ringed seal ( Phoca hispida ), Large Japanese field mouse ( Apodemus speciosus ), Cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis ), Slow loris ( Nycticebus coucang ), Ostriches ( Struthio camelus ), Mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ), Asian house rat ( Rattus tanezumi ), Brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus ), House mouse ( Mus musculus )Numerous reports in humansChalmers et al., 1997, Hurkova et al., 2003Dubey et al., 2002, Morgan et al., 1999a, Xiao et al., 2002a, Xiao et al., 2004b, Warren et al., 2003, Nakai et al., 2004, Hikosaka and Nakai, 2005, Santín et al., 2005, Azami et al., 2007, Brikan et al., 2008, Kváč et al., 2008, Lupo et al., 2008, Lv et al., 2009, Kodádková et al., 2010, Feng, 2010, Murakoshi et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2011, Yang et al, 2013; Ng-Hublin et al., 2013, Karim et al., 2014, Qi et al., 2014, Sak et al., 2014, Du et al., 2015, Laatamna et al., 2015, Petrincová et al, 2015, Zhao et al., 2015b C. andersoni Bacterian camel ( Camelus bactrianus ), European wisent ( Bison bonasus ), Marmots Campbell hamster ( Phodopus campbelli ), Golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ), Golden takins ( Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi ), Giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ), Macaca mulatta ( Rhesus macaque ), American mink ( Mustela vison )Minor–Matsubayashi et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2008, Lv et al., 2009, Stuart et al., 2013, Du et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Zhao et al., 2015a C. felis Rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ); Pallas's cat ( Felis Manul )Numerous reports in humans–Lucio-Forster et al., 2010, Ye et al., 2012, Bes...…”

“…Although humans are the major host species for C. hominis , it has been reported in a number of wildlife hosts including a dugong and non-human primates (Table 2) (Xiao et al., 1999, Ye et al., 2012, Karim et al., 2014, Bodager et al., 2015, Parsons et al., 2015). C. hominis/Cryptosporidium parvum -like sequences were identified in red and black-and-white colobus monkeys in Uganda (Salyer et al., 2012).…”

First report of zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

“…Therefore, single locus may not provide accurate information to differentiate G. intestinalis isolates (Cacciò et al, 2008;Wielinga and Thompson, 2007).The multilocus genotype (MLG) model was developed to improve the accuracy of assemblage identification and better clarify the epidemiology of Type I Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 LG7 Type I Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 LG6 Type I Type I A1 A4 A4 A1 QY10 Type II Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 LG23 Type I Type I A1 A4 A4 A1 LG18 Type II Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 LG20 Type II Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 LG21 Type I Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 LG22 Type I Type I A4 A4 A4 A1 QY5 Type II Type I A4 A4 A4 giaridiasis (Cacciò et al, 2008). The MLG model was widely used in recent studies, which revealed a high heterogeneity within assemblage (Appelbee et al, 2005;Cacciò et al, 2008;Feng and Xiao, 2011;Karim et al, 2014c). In this study, MLG types were analyzed according to multilocus sequence polymorphisms at loci bg, gdh and tpi.…”