Multilocus microsatellite typing of<i>Leishmania</i>and clinical applications: a review

Aluru, Srikanth; Hide, Mallorie; Michel, Grégory; Bañuls, Anne‐Laure; Marty, Pierre; Pomarès, Christelle

doi:10.1051/parasite/2015016

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…MLMT allows characterization of strains from different geographical areas and gives important insights into the epidemiology of disease and dynamics of Leishmania populations [ 41 ]. As being neutral markers in non-coding regions of the genome, the clinical manifestations are not necessarily linked to MLMT profiles [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic tools discriminate strains of Leishmania infantum isolated from humans and dogs in Sicily, Italy

et al. 2020

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Background Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne diseases and it represents a serious world health problem affecting millions of people. High levels of Leishmania infections, affecting both humans and animals, are recognized among Italian regions. Among these, Sicily has one of the highest prevalence of Leishmania infection. Methodology/Principal Findings Seventy-eight Leishmania strains isolated from human and animal samples across Sicily, were analyzed for the polymorphic k26-gene and genotypes were assigned according to the size of the PCR products. A multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) approach based on the analysis of 11 independent loci was used to investigate populations structure and genetic diversity of the isolated strains. Six L. infantum reference strains were included in the analysis for comparison. Bayesian clustering analysis of microsatellite data showed that all the isolated strains clustered in two genetically distinct populations, corresponding to human and canine isolates respectively. A further subdivision was observed between the two main groups, giving a good correlation between human strains and their geographic origin, conversely canine population showed a great genetic variability diffused in the territory. Conclusions/Significance Among the 78 Leishmania isolates, K26 analysis detected 71 samples (91%) as MON-1 zymodeme, confirming it as the predominant strain in Mediterranean area and 7 human samples (9%) as non-MON-1. MLMT gives important insights into the epidemiology of leishmaniases and allows characterization of different strains to a higher resolution than possible with zymodeme typing. Two main populations presented a strong correlation respect to the different hosts, exhibiting a co-circulation of two distinct populations of L. infantum. The PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic tools discriminate strains of Leishmania infantum isolated from humans and dogs in Sicily, Italy

et al. 2020

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“…7,29,[32][33][34] Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the Leishmania type, which is also transmitted by certain types of sandflies. 35,36 The diseases are reported by the WHO to be responsible for about 1 million new cases leading to approximately 30,000 deaths annually on a global scale. The major cause is linked to environmental changes and affects mainly the very poor populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compounds from African Medicinal Plants with Activities against Protozoal Diseases: Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis

Cv¹,

Ntie‐Kang²,

Sh.³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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An absolute configuration of 5R seems to decrease activity of the compound IntroductionProtozoa may be considered as microscopic, essentially single-celled, eukaryotic organisms that are free-living or parasitic (obtaining their food by eating other organisms or their products) in nature. Parasitic protozoal diseases continue to be a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality globally. 1,2Parasitic protozoal diseases include malaria, 3,4 trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease), 5-7 leishmaniasis 8 and schistosomiasis. 9,10 They threaten almost one-third of the world's population, the most numerous incidents being recorded in over 100 Tropical and developing countries and territories, Figure 1. 11,12 Malaria, for example, was reported by the WHO, to be responsible for approximately 214 million sickness cases and 438,000 deaths globally in 2017. 13 The African region recorded the most death-related cases, especially amongst infants below the age of 5 and pregnant women. Schistosomiasis, caused by parasites of the Schistosoma genus are responsible for about 200 million sickness cases and about 280,000 death-related incidents annually worldwide.9,10,14 Only one drug (praziquantel) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of human schistosomiasis, with no vaccine available or in development so far.15-21 Serious concerns about drug selectivity and resistance were raised in 2013 when over 30 million people were treated in Sub-Saharan Africa. 20 Moreover, observed resistance and reduced efficiency of praziquantel in laboratory strains have prompted the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Trypanosomiasis, which represents several diseases caused by parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, is also of interest. 5,27,29 This disease, which is much arguably the most important disease of man and domesticated animals, accounts for over 8 million reported annual cases globally, especially in the tropical regions of Latin America and Africa. 30,31 Although the present number of cases seems negligible on a worldwide scale, great socioeconomic effects on the endemic areas by this disease are forecast if inadequate attention (both at the communal, national, and international levels) is not given. 7,29,[32][33][34] Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the Leishmania type, which is also transmitted by certain types of sandflies. 35,36 The diseases are reported by the WHO to be responsible for about 1 million new cases leading to approximately 30,000 deaths annually on a global scale. The major cause is linked to environmental changes A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C TArticle history:English abstract: Parasitic diseases continue represent a threat on a global scale, particularly among the poorest countries in the world. This is particularly because of the absence of vaccines, and in some cases, resistance against available drugs, currently being used for their treatment. In this review emphasis is laid on natural products and scaffolds from African medicinal plants (AMPs) for lead drug di...

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“…Nucleic acid-based conventional genotyping of microorganisms can be carried out by hybridization and amplification approaches as already described in Section 1.1. Moreover, the most classical molecular approaches used for epidemiological studies include restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), macrorestriction analysis [42], and alternative PCR and pos-PCR techniques such as rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), analysis of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) [43], variation in repeated short motifs (microsatellites), multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) [44,45], single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) [46], etc. These techniques are valuable for epidemiological studies of bacteria and protozoans, considering their genomic organization, structure, and large size.…”

Section: Classic Genotyping and Next-generation Sequencing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microsatellite genomic sequences are useful for the treatment and control of infectious agents by the identification of individual and group of clonally disseminated microorganisms. This kind of study enables the identification of relapses, drug-resistant pathogens, and clinically distinct variants, as investigated in protozoan parasites such as Leishmania [45,63] and Plasmodium [64,65]. The geographical dissemination of microorganisms can also be characterized by microsatellites studies [66,67] helping in the characterization of transmission patterns which can be used for control strategies.…”

Section: Genetic Variability and Its Impact On Pathology And Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid-based Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Sperança¹,

Suzuki²,

Cabral³

et al. 2016

Nucleic Acids - From Basic Aspects to Laboratory Tools

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In this chapter, the immense contribution of nucleic acid discovery to the diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of pathogenic microorganisms and its relevance for veterinary and human health will be discussed. The development of nucleic acid detection, amplification, and sequencing techniques, principally after the introduction of polymerase chain reaction PCR , allowed the improvement of different strategies to diagnose and to quantify infectious microbiological agents in a variety of organisms and biological samples. Pos-PCR associated techniques such as fragment enzyme restriction and sequence analysis permit the determination of nucleic acid sequence diversity to detect drug resistance, to associate pathogen genetic markers with disease outcome, and to predict temporal and spatial distribution of microorganisms which can be used to prevent and treat infectious diseases efficiently.The principal methods used in the detection of nucleic acids, the advantages and drawbacks of single-and multiple-copy genes for use in diagnosis by amplification, and the application of pos-PCR techniques in drug resistance identification are discussed in Section . . Section . discusses the sequencing methods used to recognize genetic variability, the implication of this variability to pathology and virulence, and the importance of genetic variability determination in disease control and vaccines. The contribution of molecular diagnosis and epidemiology for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases is also considered.

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Multilocus microsatellite typing ofLeishmaniaand clinical applications: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 65 publications

Genetic tools discriminate strains of Leishmania infantum isolated from humans and dogs in Sicily, Italy

Genetic tools discriminate strains of Leishmania infantum isolated from humans and dogs in Sicily, Italy

Compounds from African Medicinal Plants with Activities against Protozoal Diseases: Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis

Nucleic Acid-based Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

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