Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of Leishmania donovani strains in the Indian subcontinent

Alam, Mohammad Zahangir; Kuhls, Katrin; Schweynoch, Carola; Sundar, Shyam; Rijal, Suman; Shamsuzzaman, Abul Khair Mohammad; Raju, Balaraju Venkata Subba; Salotra, Poonam; Dujardin, Jean‐Claude; Schönian, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.09.005

Cited by 82 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…20 Nevertheless, some degree of genetic variability has been observed using multilocus microsatellite typing and other genetic markers among isolates from the Indian subcontinent. [21][22][23] The molecular data from this preliminary study is not sufficient to identify the origin of the parasites. One of the microscopically confirmed bone marrow smears was negative for all the molecular tests used, but this is not surprising as this post-treatment specimen had a very low parasite load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Endemic Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bhutan

Yangzom

Cruz²,

Bern³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Visceral leishmaniasis was first reported in Bhutan in 2006. We conducted studies of the parasite, possible vectors and reservoirs, and leishmanin skin test and risk factor surveys in three villages. Nineteen cases were reported from seven districts. Parasite typing yielded two novel microsatellite sequences, both related to Indian L. donovani. In one case village, 40 (18.5%) of 216 participants had positive leishmanin skin test results, compared with 3 (4.2%) of 72 in the other case village and 0 of 108 in the control village. Positive results were strongly associated with the village and increasing age. None of the tested dogs were infected. Eighteen sand flies were collected, 13 Phlebotomus species and 5 Sergentomyia species; polymerase chain reaction for leishmanial DNA was negative. This assessment suggests that endemic visceral leishmaniasis transmission has occurred in diverse locations in Bhutan. Surveillance, case investigations, and further parasite, vector, and reservoir studies are needed. The potential protective impact of bed nets should be evaluated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Endemic Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bhutan

Yangzom

Cruz²,

Bern³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…16 The higher degree of heterogeneity between the local endemic L. donovani subspecies in east Africa in comparison to India has been argued as a reason for the variation in rK39 performance in the two regions. 17 Further research is required to confirm whether the low sensitivity found with the rK39 in east Africa as compared with India has to do with the reported significantly lower antileishmanial IgG responses in the east African endemic population. 18 In contrast with the results obtained here with the rK39, a recombinant polyprotein (rK28) antigen of L. donovani has been reported to be more sensitive for VL detection in Sudanese patients with negative or low anti-rK39 antibody readings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Local Production of a Liquid Direct Agglutination Test as a Sustainable Measure for Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan

Osman¹,

Mahamoud²,

Abass³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A prerequisite for the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the accessibility to reference diagnostics. The high price of the freeze-dried direct agglutination test (FD-DAT) and the short shelf-life time of the rK39 strip test (rK39) have limited the application of these tests in Sudan. An original liquid DAT (LQ-DAT) with high reproducibility compared with the FD-DAT and rK39 has been routinely produced in our laboratory since 1999. In this study, a 3.4-year-old batch (of more than 90 test batches produced to date) was chosen to validate the diagnostic performance of this test against microscopy, FD-DAT, and rK39 in 96 VL and 42 non-VL serum samples. Relatively higher sensitivity (95/96, 99.0%) was recorded for the LQ-DAT than for the FD-DAT (92/96, 95.8%) and rK39 (76/96, 79.2%), probably because of the use of the endemic autochthonous Leishmania donovani isolate as the antigen. Experience with the LQ-DAT, its low cost of production, ease of providing this test, and diagnostic reliability compared with the FD-DAT suggest that widescale implementation of the LQ-DAT can contribute to sustainable VL control in Sudan.

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“…when VL cases dropped close to zero and molecular data show that L. donovani passed through a tight genetic bottleneck reflecting near elimination. 17,18 We hypothesize that a more sustained impact may be achieved if IRS is used to effect a rapid decrease in sand fly populations, followed by wide distribution of ITNs to prevent high rates of leishmania transmission when the sand fly populations rebound. This hypothesis deserves to be rigorously tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Insecticide-Treated Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying to Control the Vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Chowdhury

Dotson²,

Blackstock³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Integrated vector management is a pillar of the South Asian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination program, but the best approach remains a matter of debate. Sand fly seasonality was determined in 40 houses sampled monthly. The impact of interventions on Phlebotomus argentipes density was tested from 2006-2007 in a cluster-randomized trial with four arms: indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), environmental management (EVM), and no intervention. Phlebotomus argentipes density peaked in March with the highest proportion of gravid females in May. The EVM (mud plastering of wall and floor cracks) showed no impact. The IRS and ITNs were associated with a 70-80% decrease in male and female P. argentipes density up to 5 months post intervention. Vector density rebounded by 11 months post-IRS, whereas ITN-treated households continued to show significantly lower density compared with households without intervention. Our data suggest that both IRS and ITNs may help to improve VL control in Bangladesh.

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Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of Leishmania donovani strains in the Indian subcontinent

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Endemic Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bhutan

Endemic Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bhutan

Local Production of a Liquid Direct Agglutination Test as a Sustainable Measure for Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan

Comparison of Insecticide-Treated Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying to Control the Vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

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