Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing of Candida albicans populations isolated from healthy children according to socioeconomic background

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity within and between C. albicans populations isolated from the oral cavity of healthy Brazilian children classified into five socioeconomic categories (A to E). Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) analysis was the method used to assess genetic diversity. High genetic diversity was observed in all populations that showed predominance of some C. albicans subtypes (Electrophoretic Types - ETs). However, no correlation was observed between a specific ET and a specific population of children. Clustering analysis showed one or more highly related ET clusters, suggesting the existence of indirect and direct propagation routes of C. albicans among healthy children. Microevolutionary changes were observed in some C. albicans populations isolated from children with the same or very similar socioeconomic condition. Furthermore, low transition of C. albicans subtypes can be occurring among certain populations of children coming from high and medium/high, or high and medium/low, or medium/high and medium/low socioeconomic categories, which can also be explained by their own socioeconomic and cultural characteristics.

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and exoenzymatic activity of Candida albicans strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis

“…These results support and validate the numerical interpretation and agree with Boriolo et al. [17], who said that discriminatory power of the numerical interpretation of enzymatic profiles is around 97%.…”

“…The numbers of loci related to MDH and SDH (3 and 2) verified herein are in accordance with the findings of other authors 17,18,26,37 . Numerical interpretation allows the detection of isoenzymatic diversity by the presence or absence of bands for that enzyme.…”

“…The numbers of loci related to MDH and SDH (3 and 2) verified herein are in accordance with the findings of other authors. 17,18,26,37 Numerical interpretation allows the detection of isoenzymatic diversity by the presence or absence of bands for that enzyme. The number of ETs identified by genetic (allelic frequency) and numerical interpretation was the same, presenting a concordance of 100%.…”

“…For molecular analysis of strains of Candida involved in cases of infection, many techniques have been proposed, such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), [6][7][8][9][10] restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 5,11 real-time PCR, 12,13 microsatellite polymorphism (MSP) 14,15 and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). 5,[16][17][18] Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis evaluates the polymorphism of isoenzymes or allozymes from strain isolates. Proteins from cell extracts are separated by electrophoresis under native conditions, and the enzymes are visualised by specific enzyme-staining procedures.…”

Cell Membrane Integrity of Candida Albicans after Different Protocols of Microwave Irradiation

“…The sterile dentures were indiv idually placed in sterile beakers containing 200ml of the yeast suspension, in order to completely cover the denture [27]. Each beaker was separately placed on a rotational plate in a conventional home microwave oven (Sensor Crisp 38, Double Emission System; Brastemp SA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) and irradiated at 650 W fo r 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min (experimental suspensions -ESs) [28,29].…”