Multilineage Constructs for Scaffold‐Based Tissue Engineering: A Review of Tissue‐Specific Challenges

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the regeneration of tissue in interfacial regions, where biological, physical, and chemical attributes vary across tissue type. The simultaneous use of distinct cell lineages can help in developing in vitro structures, analogous to native composite tissues. This literature review gathers the recent reports that have investigated multiple cell types of various sources and lineages in a coculture system for tissue-engineered constructs. Such studies aim at mimicking the native organization of tissues and their interfaces, and/or to improve the development of complex tissue substitutes. This paper thus distinguishes itself from those focusing on technical aspects of coculturing for a single specific tissue. The first part of this review is dedicated to variables of cocultured tissue engineering such as scaffold, cells, and in vitro culture environment. Next, tissue-specific coculture methods and approaches are covered for the most studied tissues. Finally, cross-analysis is performed to highlight emerging trends in coculture principles and to discuss how tissue-specific challenges can inspire new approaches for regeneration of different interfaces to improve the outcomes of various tissue engineering strategies.

Proteins and Peptides as Important Modifiers of the Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications—A Review

“…In other words, they should have optimal water vapor transmission ratio (WVTR) and great ability to absorb wound exudate (if it occurs). Moreover, modern wound dressings should also accelerate wound healing [232][233][234]236,[242][243][244][245]. Progress in the field of engineering of biomaterials has led to the development of many promising wound dressings.…”

“…Skin substitutes should also possess mechanical parameters close to those of natural skin (inter alia Young's modulus. ranging 60-850 kPa) [232][233][234]236,[242][243][244][245]248]. Nowadays, there is no biomaterial that meets all these criteria.…”

“…Although nerve autografts are considered as a "gold standard", their application possesses many limitations. Thus, there is an increasing trend towards design of tissue-engineered nerve grafts [242,243,[251][252][253]. The biomaterials for treatment of PNS injuries should mainly promote the viability and growth of Schwann cells, because they are crucial for myelination of axons.…”

In Vitro Bone Cell Response to Tensile Mechanical Solicitations: Is There an Optimal Protocol?

“…We can expect this shift to be strengthened in the future as tissue engineering processes start to reach clinical applications. Moreover, there is now a growing interest for the regeneration of interfaces and composite tissues, complex hybrid systems . Mechanical solicitations will require accurate optimization to monitor the growth of several cell lineages simultaneously in addition to bone, such as ligament …”

“…Moreover, there is now a growing interest for the regeneration of interfaces and composite tissues, complex hybrid systems. [80] Mechanical solicitations will require accurate optimization to monitor the growth of several cell lineages simultaneously in addition to bone, such as ligament. [81] Abbreviations ALP, alkaline phosphatase; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PGE2, prostaglandin E2.…”