2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00538.x
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Multilevel Selection Theory and Major Evolutionary Transitions

Abstract: The concept of a group as comparable to a single organism has had a long and turbulent history. Currently, methodological individualism dominates in many areas of psychology and evolution, but natural selection is now known to operate at multiple levels of the biological hierarchy. When between-group selection dominates within-group selection, a major evolutionary transition occurs and the group becomes a new, higher-level organism. It is likely that human evolution represents a major transition, and this has … Show more

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Cited by 137 publications
(95 citation statements)
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“…This is a perspective that has been adopted in evolutionary biology to describe the social organization of a variety of species, ranging from insects like ants, termites, and bees, to mole rats (Wheeler, 1911;Seeley, 1989;Hölldobler and Wilson, 2008). The idea has also been extended to human social groups (Spencer, 1896;Campbell, 1958;Richerson and Boyd, 1999;Foster and Ratnieks, 2005;Wilson et al, 2007;Christakis and Fowler, 2009;Szathmáry, 2015). However, the extent to which human societies cohere is less than that seen in eusocial insects (which have the advantage of high levels of average kinship).…”
Section: Human Society As a Superorganismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is a perspective that has been adopted in evolutionary biology to describe the social organization of a variety of species, ranging from insects like ants, termites, and bees, to mole rats (Wheeler, 1911;Seeley, 1989;Hölldobler and Wilson, 2008). The idea has also been extended to human social groups (Spencer, 1896;Campbell, 1958;Richerson and Boyd, 1999;Foster and Ratnieks, 2005;Wilson et al, 2007;Christakis and Fowler, 2009;Szathmáry, 2015). However, the extent to which human societies cohere is less than that seen in eusocial insects (which have the advantage of high levels of average kinship).…”
Section: Human Society As a Superorganismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A perspetiva alternativa é a de que a liderança é uma adaptação ao nível de um grupo que permite que as pessoas funcionem melhor como sistema grupal (Wilson, Van Vugt & O'Gorman, 2008). Ou seja, esta perspetiva vê a liderança como um dispositivo de coordenação, que ajuda os grupos a resolver dificuldades no que diz respeito ao planeamento e execução das tarefas de grupo, tais como, a construção de uma identidade coletiva, a partilha de recursos e a tomada de decisão em grupo.…”
Section: Liderançaunclassified
“…Also, there are disagreements in the field about the relevance to humans of particular evolutionary theories. For instance, some evolutionary scientists believe that many unique human behaviors such as cooperation, language, and warfare are the result of natural selection at the level of competing groups (Wilson et al, 2008). Others vehemently disagree with this viewpoint, arguing that natural selection in humans can operate only through individual competition (Pinker, 2015).…”
Section: Criticisms and Controversiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yet, when the variation in success is larger between groups than within groups, group selection can be a potent force. Multilevel selection may account for some of the peculiar aspects of human nature such as altruism, morality, and intergroup competition (Wilson, Van Vugt, and O'Gorman, 2008). Biologists Wilson and Wilson (2007) stated: "Selfishness beats altruism within groups.…”
Section: Multilevel Selectionmentioning
confidence: 99%