Multilevel Selection in Natural Populations of Impatiens capensis

Stevens, Lori; Goodnight, Charles J.; Kalisz, Susan

doi:10.1086/285753

Cited by 91 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Studies of multilevel selection in plant populations (e.g. [42,43]) suggest that kin groups should indeed be selected to reduce their competitiveness in this way. Still, the appeal of kin recognition is that some species (those that experience variation in local relatedness) may have the ability to acquire additional information about the relatedness of neighbours, and if so, cooperation could be identified by experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Biernaskie

2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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A plant's best strategy for acquiring resources may often depend on the identity of neighbours. Here, I ask whether plants adjust their strategy to local relatedness: individuals may cooperate (reduce competitiveness) with kin but compete relatively intensely with non-kin. In a greenhouse experiment with Ipomoea hederacea, neighbouring siblings from the same inbred line were relatively uniform in height; groups of mixed lines, however, were increasingly variable as their mean height increased. The reproductive yield of mixed and sibling groups was similar overall, but when adjusted to a common mean height and height inequality, the yield of mixed groups was significantly less. Where this difference in yield was most pronounced (among groups that varied most in height), mixed groups tended to allocate more mass to roots than comparable sibling groups, and overall, mixed groups produced significantly fewer seeds per unit mass of roots. These results suggest that, from the group perspective, non-kin may have wasted resources in below-ground competition at the expense of reproduction; kin groups, on the other hand, displayed the relative efficiency that is expected of reduced competitiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Biernaskie

2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Several studies of partially selfing plant species have detected directional selection on a variety of quantitative traits (Kalisz 1986;Stewart and Schoen 1987;Brassard and Schoen 1990;Mitchell-Olds and Bergelson 1990b;Johnston 1991;Fenster and Ritland 1994;Stevens et al 1995) and it is possible that some of these results could have been biased by the mating system. For example, a study of the self-compatible annual Collinsia verna found that directional selection acted on the timing of germination (Kalisz 1986), a trait which has been shown to exhibit inbreeding depression (Ka- lisz 1989).…”

Section: Measurements Of Selection: Biases Due To Mating System and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies designed to measure the magnitude and form of phenotypic selection frequently employ the regression techniques described by Lande and Arnold (1983), while studies designed to quantify the ability of a population to respond to selection often use the standard breeding designs of quantitative genetics to estimate additive genetic variances and covariances (Bulmer 1980;Falconer 1981;Mather and Jinks 1982). These methods, particularly those of quantitative genetics, were developed primarily in the context of randomly mating reference populations, and yet frequently studies using quantitative genetics and selection analyses are conducted on populations that are at least partially inbred (e.g., Lawrence 1965;Gale and Arthur 1972;Lawrence 1972;Kalisz 1986;Mitchell-aids 1986;Stewart and Schoen 1987;Brassard and Schoen 1990;Mitchell-Olds and Bergelson, 1990a,b;Johnston 1991;Carr and Fenster 1994;Fenster and Ritland 1994;Robertson et al 1994;Schoen et al 1994;Stevens et al 1995). Unfortunately, the interpretation of estimates of additive genetic variances/covariances or of the selection gradients obtained from experiments on partially inbred populations is complicated when there is inbreeding depression for the quantitative characters examined.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measures of Phenotypic Selection Are Biased by Partial Inbreeding

Willis

1996

Evolution

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Abstract,-When populations are partially inbred due to the population structure or to a mixed mating system like partial self-fertilization, some individuals will be more inbred than others. This heterogeneity among individuals in the history of inbreeding can greatly complicate the interpretation of measures of quantitative genetic variability when the traits studied exhibit inbreeding depression. Partial inbreeding can also bias measures of phenotypic selection toward the detection of strong directional and stabilizing selection. In this paper, data are presented from several inbreeding experiments conducted on two partially selfing, annual populations of the monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus that show that the means of many of the morphological and phenological traits measured were affected by inbreeding. These findings imply that estimates of heritabilities and additive genetic covariances would not reflect the potential for these populations to respond to selection, Phenotypic selection analyses conducted on naturally occurring plants, involving linear regressions of relative seed production on the traits, revealed significant directional selection on many of the same quantitative traits measured in the inbreeding studies. However, when the same selection analyses were performed on plants with known histories of inbreeding, part of the statistical relationship between relative seed number and the traits was found to be due to the mating system: inbred individuals had both lower seed production and different mean values for the traits than outcrossed individuals. It is also shown, with a hypothetical example, that partial inbreeding can bias measures of stabilizing selection toward the detection of strong stabilizing selection. Partial inbreeding therefore tends to make directional and stabilizing selection appear stronger than it is, and it may be that natural selection in the wild is actually weaker than many studies of partially inbred species suggest.Key words.-Inbreeding, inbreeding depression, Mimulus, natural selection, quantitative genetics, self-fertilization.Received August 7, 1995. Accepted August 24, 1995 Many studies of quantitative genetics and of phenotypic selection in natural populations of plants and animals have resulted from the realization that the evolution of quantitative traits by natural selection can be understood by independent analysis of selection and inheritance. These diverse empirical studies, prompted in large part by theoretical results in quantitative genetics and selection analysis (e.g.,

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“…This is not surprising, given that Lande's selection theory that originally sparked much of the interest in the constancy of G is individual selection theory (Lande 1979), and evolutionary biology has been dominated by Darwin's individual selection paradigm. The increasing evidence in the genetic school of multilevel selection theory (e.g., Wade 1977;Craig 1982;Goodnight 1985;Wade and Goodnight 1991;Stevens et al 1995;Muir 1996; see also Goodnight and Stevens, in press) requires that we gain more familiarity with population-level analyses and an understanding of how evolutionary processes such as inbreeding affect population-level traits and phenomena.…”

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confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON POPULATION-LEVEL GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN THE RED FLOUR BEETLE TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

Pray

1997

Evolution

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There have been very few empirical studies on the effect of inbreeding on genetic correlations (Bryant and Meffert 1988;Goodnight 1989). Additive theory predicts that genetic correlations should not change following a bottleneck (Lande 1980; but see Avery and Hill 1977). However, this prediction is based on the assumption that the additive genetic variancecovariance matrix G remains constant (Lande 1980), and theoretical and empirical evidence on the changing nature of G is beginning to accumulate (e.g., Turelli 1988;Shaw et al. 1995). Although nonadditive theory makes no predictions about how G should change following a bottleneck (Goodnight and Schwartz, in press), empirical evidence suggests that the nature of G for nonadditive traits is unstable and inconstant (Bryant and Meffert 1988, 1990; Goodnight and Schwartz, in press). The changing nature of G suggests that genetic correlations have a changing nature too (even for additive traits; see Avery and Hill 1977).The empirical data available on the effect of inbreeding on genetic correlations are not sufficient to reveal a general trend. Bryant and Meffert (1988) studied the effect of three different sizes of bottlenecks (one-pair, four-pair, and 16-pair) on correlations among morphometric traits in the housefly Musca domestica. After several generations of inbreeding, the four-pair and 16-pair treatments showed significantly greater positive genetic correlations than the outbred control, but the one-pair treatment showed "significantly disrupted trait interrelationships" (Bryant and Meffert 1988). Goodnight (1989) examined population-level correlations in two species of slightly inbred Tribolium beetles and concluded that "correlations may occur between traits at the group level," but he observed significant results for only one species.Most of the research being done on the variable nature of G (see Shaw et al. 1995, and references therein) and the specific effect of inbreeding on G and genetic correlations (Bryant and Meffert 1988) focuses on individual traits, Goodnight's (1989) study being a notable exception. This is not surprising, given that Lande's selection theory that originally sparked much of the interest in the constancy of G is individual selection theory (Lande 1979), and evolutionary biology has been dominated by Darwin's individual selection paradigm. The increasing evidence in the genetic school of multilevel selection theory (e.g., Wade

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Multilevel Selection in Natural Populations of Impatiens capensis

Cited by 91 publications

References 48 publications

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Measures of Phenotypic Selection Are Biased by Partial Inbreeding

THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON POPULATION-LEVEL GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN THE RED FLOUR BEETLE TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

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