“…The iterative repetition of deposition/washing steps can create multilayered architectures of controllable film thickness, composition, and hydrolytic stability. LbL assembly is well-suited for the encapsulation, protection, and release of therapeutic nucleic acids such as pDNA, siRNA, and others since the negative charge on nucleic acid backbones facilitates complexation with cationic polymers such as PLL, ,− chitosan, − and PEI. − In the context of gene delivery, LbL coatings are typically synthesized in the following formats: (1) the traditional approach to LbL assembly employs planar substrates, onto which polyelectrolytes are sequentially immobilized, creating nanometer-thick multilayer films (Figure A). ,− Further, nucleic acid cargoes can be impregnated within these films in the form of naked DNA or RNA, polyplexes, lipoplexes, , or simply as adenoviral capsids. (2) LbL coatings can be applied to nanoparticle , or microparticle , “cores” of desired shapes and sizes, such that the particle surface can be successively modified with polyelectrolytes, thereby transforming its interactions with cellular targets (Figure B) .…”