Multilane simulations of traffic phases

Abstract

The optimal velocity model, as modified by the author, is used in simulations of traffic on a dual-lane highway and a single-lane highway with an on-ramp. The equilibrium solutions of the modified model cover a two-dimensional region of flow-density space beneath the fundamental-diagram curve, rather than just lying on the curve as in the original model. Thus it satisfies a requirement of the three-phase model of Kerner [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3797 (2002)]. Synchronization of velocity across dual lanes due to frequent lane changes is observed in free flow. True synchronized flow, as determined by the region of density-flow space it occupies, is obtained in on-ramp simulations with typical driver reaction times. A gradual change to the formation of a jam is observed for increasing delay times.

Traffic jams: dynamics and control

“…There also exist multi-species models (Mason & Woods 1997;Nagatani 2000) where drivers with different characteristics are considered, that is, g, f , , t, s, k → g n , f n , n , t n , s n , k n is assumed, which may be different for each n. However, usually only two different species are mixed, corresponding to automobiles and trucks. One might also extend car-following models to make them capable of modelling multi-lane traffic or junctions, in which case lane changes need to be handled (Davis 2004;Kesting et al 2007). Indeed, when a lane change occurs, the right-hand side of model (3.8) or (3.10) changes, that is, one needs to deal with a 'discontinuous dynamical system'.…”

Controlling traffic jams by time modulating the safety distance

“…The figure shows that the numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical results. It is instructive to present the inequality (28), which separates the regimes of stabilization and destabilization of the free flow in the physical variables. In these variables inequality (28) takes the form…”

“…Quite recently studies appeared on traffic flows with vehicles that possess a control system trying to keep a desired headway: vehicles with adaptive cruise control (ACC) [22][23][24][25][26]. Several microscopic models have been proposed to model the ACC vehicles [22,27,28]. It was shown in Ref.…”

“…Simulations of merging flows near an on ramp and for random sequences of ACC vehicles and manually steered vehicles were carried out in Ref. [28]. Those studies have been so far conducted based on computer simulations.…”

Nonlinear dynamics of autonomous vehicles with limits on acceleration

“…Various authors have shown that if 30% of vehicles had ACC, the formation of jams in heavy traffic could be eliminated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The ACC vehicles are assumed to be governed by control parameters that give string stability [11].…”