Multihadron production dynamics exploring the energy balance in hadronic and nuclear collisions

Abstract

The relation of multihadron production in nucleus-nucleus and (anti)proton-proton collisions is studied by exploring the collision-energy and centrality dependencies of the charged particle mean multiplicity in the measurements to date. The study is performed in the framework of the recently proposed effectiveenergy approach which, under the proper scaling of the collision energy, combines the constituent quark picture with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics counting for the centrality-defined effective energy of participants. Within this approach, the multiplicity energy dependence and the pseudorapidity spectra from the most central nuclear collisions are well reproduced. The study of the multiplicity centrality dependence reveals a new scaling between the measured pseudorapidity spectra and the calculations. By means of this scaling, referred to as energy-balanced limiting fragmentation scaling, one reproduces the pseudorapidity spectra for all centralities. The scaling elucidates some differences in the multiplicity and midrapidity density centrality dependence obtained at RHIC and LHC. These findings reveal an inherent similarity in the multiplicity energy dependence from the most central collisions and centrality data. Predictions are made for the mean multiplicities to be measured in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at the LHC.

Comparing Standard Distribution and Its Tsallis Form of Transverse Momenta in High Energy Collisions

“…Actually, one could as well say there is no difference in the particle production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions from a few GeV to a few TeV. This in some sense echoes recent studies of Sarkisyan et al [1,48]. In addition, our recent study shows that the same or similar fits to be good for proton-proton collisions [40], though the parameter values in proton-proton collisions are closer to those in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions when comparing with central nucleus-nucleus collisions.…”

“…With the increasing collision energy, the rapidity distribution range extends from a few rapidity units to over ten rapidity units, and the transverse momentum distribution range increases from 0 until a few GeV/c to 0 until over hundred GeV/c. Different functions and methods are used by different researchers to describe rapidity and transverse momentum distributions as well as other distributions which can be measured in experiments [1][2][3][4][5]. Based on a multi-source thermal model [6][7][8][9], the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions obtained in experiments at different collision energies are studied by us in terms of two-cylinder, Rayleigh, Boltzmann, Tsallis, and other distributions.…”

Examining the model dependence of the determination of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in small collision system

“…[31][32][33][34][35]. The universality in the hadroproduction process appears in different quantities observed [36] in different types of collisions (including proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions) and/or at different energies (available in the range from SPS BES to LHC) [31][32][33][34][35]. These quantities include, but not limited to mean multiplicity, rapidity or pseudorapidity density, multiplicity or transverse momentum distribution, and event patterns in different spaces under certain conditions.…”

Mean Field Approximation for the Dense Charged Drop

“…We believe that this approach will provide the connection between the data, obtained in high-energy collisions of protons and nuclei in the LHC and RHIC experiments [45][46][47][48][49], and microscopic fields inside the collision region.…”