Multigene Phylogeny Reveals Endophytic Xylariales Novelties from Dendrobium Species from Southwestern China and Northern Thailand

Abstract

Xylariales are common endophytes of Dendrobium. However, xylarialean species resolution remains difficult without sequence data and poor sporulation on artificial media and asexual descriptions for only several species and old type material. The surface-sterilized and morph-molecular methods were used for fungal isolation and identification. A total of forty-seven strains were identified as twenty-three species belonging to Apiosporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Induratiaceae, and Xylariaceae. Five new species—Annulohypoxylon moniliformis, Apiospora dendrobii, Hypoxylon endophyticum, H. officinalis and Nemania dendrobii were discovered. Three tentative new species were speculated in Xylaria. Thirteen known fungal species from Hypoxylon, Nemania, Nigrospora, and Xylaria were also identified. Another two strains were only identified at the genus and family level (Induratia sp., Hypoxylaceae sp.). This study recorded 12 new hosts for xylarialean endophytes. This is the first report of Xylariales species as endophytes from Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum, D. cariniferum, D. harveyanum, D. hercoglossum, D. moniliforme, and D. moschatum. Dendrobium is associated with abundant xylarialean taxa, especially species of Hypoxylon and Xylaria. We recommend the use of oat agar with low concentrations to induce sporulation of Xylaria strains.

Filling a gap: endophytic fungal diversity in the leaves of Miconia mirabilis in the Atlantic Forest (Brazil) and the description of a new Muyocopron species

“…Xylariales was the most abundant order among the endophytic fungi identified in this study, similar results can be seen in other studies and this order seems to prefer humid environments (Arnold & Lutzoni 2007;Daranagama et al 2018;Zhou et al 2019). Also, Xylariales is one of the most studied orders of filamentous fungi owing to its worldwide distribution and potential to produce bioactive compounds (Ma et al 2022). Xylaria cf.…”

Four New Endophytic Apiospora Species Isolated from Three Dicranopteris Species in Guizhou, China

“…& P. Alvarado [12] that they were clarified as separate genera based on genetic, ecological, and morphological evidence. This delineation was confirmed and supported by subsequent studies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Evidence of genome draft was employed within the fungal group Arthrinium/Apiospora for the first time, which also supported them into two separate genera [21].…”

“…These characteristics were further examined using a stereomicroscope (SMZ168-BL, Motic, Shanghai, China). Micro-morphological characteristics were described based on cultures that sporulated on either water agar (WA) or PDA [11,16,19,23,41,42]. These were photographed using an ECLIPSE Ni-U compound microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with an EOS 90D digital camera (Canon, Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…The asexual morphs of Apiospora include hyphomycetes and coelomycetes. The hyphomycetous asexual morphs feature septate, subhyaline, or brown conidiophores emerging from basal cells or reduced to conidiogenous cells, basauxic conidiogenous cells, and typically globose to subglobose, aseptate conidia that appear lenticular or obovoid from side view [11,13,16,18,19,24]. The coelomycetous asexual morph of Apiospora is marked by its erumpent, pustulate, coriaceous conidiomata, hyphoid conidiophores, blastic, integrated, determinate, doliiform or cylindrical conidiogenous cells, and oval, brown conidia, which may have a truncate basal scar and a germ slit [2,9,20].…”

Fungal communities associated with early immature tubers of wild Gastrodia elata

“…Although Hypocreales and Xylariales from Ascomycota were not on the orchid mycorrhizal fungi list of Dearnaley et al. ( 2012 ), a growing number of recent researches are proving the possibility of isolating or detecting them from orchids that grow in tropical areas of Madagascar (Yokoya et al., 2021 ), Sri Lanka (Ratnaweera et al., 2014 ), Thailand and southwestern China (Ma et al., 2022 ), Mexico (Avila‐Diaz et al., 2013 ; Beltrán‐Nambo et al., 2018 ) and Puerto Rico (Bayman et al., 1997 ). Fontanospora fusiramosa can be found in earlier evidence for endogeny in Alnus roots (Marvanová et al., 1997 ).…”