Multifunctionally wearable monitoring with gelatin hydrogel electronics of liquid metals

Yuan, Ximin; Wu, Pengcheng; Gao, Qing; Xu, Jie; Guo, Bin; He, Yuhang

doi:10.1039/d1mh02030g

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, the development of flexible technologies that are portable and smart, namely, electronics, displays, clothing, sensors, and implantable instruments, has shown tremendous promise for human applications. − However, the development of such technologies is hindered by the generation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the interacting parts of electrical devices or from other nearby electronic devices which leads to their malfunctioning via heating, antenna effects, circuit noise, spurious emissions, etc . Therefore, there is potential in designing a flexible shielding material that attenuates electromagnetic waves (EMWs) mainly through an absorption dominated mechanism rather than reflection, which causes secondary pollution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomer Encapsulated Silver Nanorod Dispersed Polyacrylamide-Alginate Hydrogel for Water-Pressure-Dependent EMI Shielding Application

Paria

Bera

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Smart electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with tunable EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) have garnered huge attention in the fabrication of next generation EM devices as well as innovative wearable electronics. Here, we report a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulated soft, flexible, and stretchable polyacrylamide (PAM)-alginate (Alg)-hydrogel/silver nanorod (AgNR) composite system for EMI SE application. The PDMS encapsulation not only enhances the tensile strength of the system from ∼0.057 MPa to ∼0.724 MPa but also restricts the evaporation of water from the hydrogel matrix. Consequently, at 14.5 GHz frequency, the EMI SE (∼48.72 dB) of the hydrogel was reduced to ∼10.52 dB (72 h at 30 °C) and ∼6.44 dB (72 h at 40 °C) and ∼8.03 dB after 1 week of settlement at ambient conditions. However, for the encapsulated hydrogel, the EMI SE (∼40.65 dB) value was marginally reduced to ∼33.86 dB, ∼31.45 dB, and ∼32.42 dB, respectively, under the same conditions. Moreover, by changing the sample thickness (increasing holding pressure in a VNA sample holder), the shielding performance can be altered from ∼48.72 to ∼53.63 dB for the hydrogel and from ∼40.65 to ∼44.03 dB for the encapsulated hydrogel. Thus, these findings provide an innovative strategy to fabricate a flexible and stretchable EMI shielding material with adjustable SE by varying the content of water and applying pressure for futuristic development in smart electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomer Encapsulated Silver Nanorod Dispersed Polyacrylamide-Alginate Hydrogel for Water-Pressure-Dependent EMI Shielding Application

Paria

Bera

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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“…Methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) is a gelatin based hydrogel that has been used in a wide range of biological applications, such as tissue repair and drug delivery. He et al transformed ordinary brittle GelMA into a highly stretchable hydrogel, and injected LM into the internal microchannels of GelMA hydrogel (GELMA-30) to produce flexible electronics that could be attached to the skin (Yuan et al, 2022), as shown in Figure 4A.With the unique biocompatibility, excellent permeability and great mechanical properties of GelMA-30, and the low toxicity, high conductivity and high rheology of LM, GelMA hydrogel electronics with LM(LMGE) can not only monitor the movement changes and even the heartbeat of rats (Figure 4B), but also be used as a wireless device to monitor the secretion produced during human movement (Figure 4C). Besides, the stencil printing method also can realize printing the LM on the flexible substrate (Varga et al, 2017).For example, Varga et al covered a 300 μm thick stencil on the neoprene substrate.…”

Section: Mold Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have found that the human skin has a rough texture structure, which makes it difficult for LM to directly adhere to the skin. Guo et al developed a method to apply LM directly to the skin based on FIGURE 4 (A) The manufacturing process of LMGE (Yuan et al, 2022). Copyright@2022, RSC (B) Schematic diagram of LMGE monitoring heartbeat and resistance changes of LMGE as a function of monitoring heartbeat (Yuan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Selectively Adhered Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guo et al developed a method to apply LM directly to the skin based on FIGURE 4 (A) The manufacturing process of LMGE (Yuan et al, 2022). Copyright@2022, RSC (B) Schematic diagram of LMGE monitoring heartbeat and resistance changes of LMGE as a function of monitoring heartbeat (Yuan et al, 2022). Copyright@2022, RSC (C) Potential applications in physiological signals (Yuan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Selectively Adhered Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

Ping

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The application of three-dimensional common electronics that can be directly pasted on arbitrary surfaces in the fields of human health monitoring, intelligent robots and wearable electronic devices has aroused people’s interest, especially in achieving stable adhesion of electronic devices on biological dynamic three-dimensional interfaces and high-quality signal acquisition. In recent years, liquid metal (LM) materials have been widely used in the manufacture of flexible sensors and wearable electronic devices because of their excellent tensile properties and electrical conductivity at room temperature. In addition, LM has good biocompatibility and can be used in a variety of biomedical applications. Here, the recent development of LM flexible electronic printing methods for the fabrication of three-dimensional conformal electronic devices on the surface of human tissue is discussed. These printing methods attach LM to the deformable substrate in the form of bulk or micro-nano particles, so that electronic devices can adapt to the deformation of human tissue and other three-dimensional surfaces, and maintain stable electrical properties. Representative examples of applications such as self-healing devices, degradable devices, flexible hybrid electronic devices, variable stiffness devices and multi-layer large area circuits are reviewed. The current challenges and prospects for further development are also discussed.

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“…Since they are naturally occurred, biopolymers inherit the diverse structures and topologies in nature thus avoiding the toxic and complex polymeric synthesis process. In addition, due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, biopolymers are extremely suitable for the use in wearable, [ 34 ] on‐skin, [ 35 ] or implantable electronics [ 36,37 ] and will not cause further environmental issues. In recent few years, biopolymer/LM hydrogels have attracted more and more research interests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifunctional Skin‐Like Sensor Based on Liquid Metal Activated Gelatin Organohydrogel

Zong

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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experience is dramatically improved. Despite the advantages, there are still existing challenges hindering the hydrogelbased soft electronics toward practical use. Particularly, most of the conductive hydrogels are comparing conductive nano-fillers (e.g., metal nano wire, [9,10] graphene, [11] carbon nanotubes, [12] and Perovskite [13] ) and polymer networks. [14,15] The mechanical mismatch between the rigid filler and soft polymer bulk will lead to concentrated internal stress and further affect the performance and lifetime of conductive hydrogel.In the past decade, liquid metals (LMs) [16][17][18] are emerging as novel conductive fillers for soft electronics, and among them, eutectic gallium and indium alloys (EGaIn) are the most widely used due to their negligible toxicity, low cost, and good thermal and electrical conductivity. More importantly, the melting point could be controlled below room temperature by appropriately adjusting the ratio of the Ga and In components, thus rendering EGaIn excellent ductility and fluidity to address the issues caused by rigid conductive fillers. Many studies have shown by using ultrasonic treatment, [19][20][21][22][23] EGaIn could be effectively dispersed in hydrophilic polymer precursor solutions, including polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, and acryl amide. [24][25][26][27][28] After gelation process EGaIn is well distributed in polymer matrix as micro or nano size droplets, and the resulted hydrogels are endowed with unique thermal or electrical properties for different applications, such as tunable actuator or pressure sensor to discern bodily motions. However, it is noticeable that there is a reluctant use of peroxide initiator and toxic crosslinker for polymerization. The leaking risk of these agents and the poor degradability of the synthetic polymers have limited the hydrogels for bioengineering and in vivo biomedicals.Nowadays, with the increasing demand for ecologically sustainable and environment friendly materials, biopolymers are encouraged to replace the synthetic polymers to explore new advances in soft electronics. Generally, polysaccharide [29][30][31] and polypeptide [32,33] are the two typical types of biopolymers abundant in plants and animals, respectively. Since they are naturally occurred, biopolymers inherit the diverse structures and topologies in nature thus avoiding the toxic and complex polymeric synthesis process. In addition, due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, biopolymers are extremely suitable for the use in wearable, [34] Gelatin, as a polypeptide-based biopolymer derived from animal resources, has a great potential to take the place of synthetic polymers for the development of next-generation electronic skin with enhanced biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the soft and brittle nature of polypeptide hydrogel still remains as a challenge hindering its step to achieve skinlike properties and toward practical applications. Herein, a gelatin-based organohydrogel using liquid metal (LM) nanodroplets as functional filler...

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Multifunctionally wearable monitoring with gelatin hydrogel electronics of liquid metals

Abstract: Hydrogel-based flexible electronics have caused widespread interest in recent years. However, current hydrogel electronics have its limitations, such as poor biocompatibility, non-reusability, low electrical response to deformation and functionally single....

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Elastomer Encapsulated Silver Nanorod Dispersed Polyacrylamide-Alginate Hydrogel for Water-Pressure-Dependent EMI Shielding Application

Elastomer Encapsulated Silver Nanorod Dispersed Polyacrylamide-Alginate Hydrogel for Water-Pressure-Dependent EMI Shielding Application

Liquid metal enabled conformal electronics

A Multifunctional Skin‐Like Sensor Based on Liquid Metal Activated Gelatin Organohydrogel

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