Multifunctionalizations of Textile Materials Highlighted by Unconventional Dyeings

Sustainable Functionalization of PAN to Improve Tinctorial Capacity

“…Reported functionalization agents were: alkalis [1], amines such as dimethylaminopropylamine [2], ethylenediamine [3], hydrazine [4], urea or hydroxylamine [5][6][7], and primary or secondary acyclic aliphatic amines, diethylamine and diethylenetriamine [8]. Our previous work reports PAN functionalization with alkalis, amines and eco-friendly agents such as chitosan and monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT β-CD) [9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…Conversion of nitrile groups into other different functional groups (oxime, hydroxamic acid, mono/disubstituted amidines), depending on the basicity of the functionalization agent [9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…The chemical reactions types involved in PAN functionalization are saponification, hydrolysis, amination and N-acylation. Generated functional groups can act as grafting sites for eco-friendly compounds [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton with Compounds Derived from MCT-β-CD and Quantification of Effects Using MLR Statistical Analysis

“…Multifunctional cotton fabric can be made by chemical treatments performed by the following techniques: (1) successive treatment (layer-by-layer); (2) classic treatment, in a single stage (single-layer) [ 1 ]. Using the layer-by-layer technique, the cellulosic materials were functionalized in two or more stages, leading to a wide range of effects, as follows: Wrinkle-free, antibacterial, flame retardant and antioxidant properties on linen fabrics due to a finishing with chitosan-citric acid and phytic acid-thiourea [ 2 ]; Wrinkle-free, antibacterial, flame retardant, UV protection and antioxidant properties using layer-by-layer finishing with chitosan, sodium lignin sulphonate and boric acid [ 3 ]; Biocidal and hydrophobic properties when the cotton fabrics were modified with difunctional polysiloxanes [ 4 ]; Water repellence, flame retardance and antibacterial properties through deposition of three-dimensional tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride-urea polymer coating [ 5 ]; Crease resistance in addition with the antimicrobial effects on knitted fabric using dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) [ 6 ].…”

“…Multifunctional cotton fabric can be made by chemical treatments performed by the following techniques: (1) successive treatment (layer-by-layer); (2) classic treatment, in a single stage (single-layer) [1]. Using the layer-by-layer technique, the cellulosic materials were functionalized in two or more stages, leading to a wide range of effects, as follows:…”