Multifunctional tannin extract-based epoxy derived from waste bark as a highly toughening and strengthening agent for epoxy resin

Zhang, Tongtong; Yu, Changlei; Yu, Min; Huang, Yu; Tan, Junjun; Zhang, Meng; Zhu, Xinbao

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114255

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Chemically, tannin is a conjunction of complex organic compounds, with a phenolic structure. 36 Primarily tannin can be classified into hydrolyzable and condensed tannin. Fig.…”

Section: Tanninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,95,96 The polyphenolic structure of tannin can be engineered through various chemical modifications, such as acylation, esterification, methylolation, etherification etc. 36 Two primary approaches through which condensed tannin can be used to manufacture adhesives are auto-condensation and polycondensation reactions.…”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Tanninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zhang and colleagues prepared bio-derived epoxy from tannin extract. 36 Investigators utilized myrica tannin extract (MTE) as a precursor for epoxy resin. The preparation of epoxidized MTE involved liquefaction through the alkoxylation method.…”

Section: Materials Advances Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tannin as a renewable raw material for adhesive applications: a review

et al. 2022

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“…Chemically, tannin is a conjunction of complex organic compounds, with a phenolic structure. 36 Primarily tannin can be classified into hydrolyzable and condensed tannin. Fig.…”

Section: Tanninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Modification Of Tanninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tannin as a renewable raw material for adhesive applications: a review

et al. 2022

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“…However, epoxy resin is of high brittleness resulting from its high curing crosslinking density and high internal stress, which limits its application in some high-tech fields. Toughened epoxy resin is always a hot topic in epoxy resin research [1][2][3][4] . The common method of toughening epoxy resin is to add toughening agent, such as nano particles [5][6][7] , liquid crystal polymer 8 , fiber 9,10 , polymer 11,12 , Lignin 13 , block polymer 14,15 , hyperbranched polymer 16 , and natural fills [17][18][19][20][21] etc., which can effectively improve the brittleness of epoxy resin, and broaden its application in the industrial field.…”

Section: Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-extracted corn-stalk cellulose/epoxy resin composites

Lou

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In order to make full use of crop waste stalk, corn-stalk cellulose (CSC) was extracted by acid–base method and used as modifier of epoxy resin (E51) to prepare the self-extracted corn-stalk cellulose/epoxy resin composites (CSCEC). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), morphology analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the mechanical properties by electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine were used for characterization and analysis. The experimental results showed that when the CSC content was 20 wt%, the impact strength of the composite was 2.50 kJ/m2, which was 127.2% higher than that of pure epoxy resin. When the CSC content was 20 wt%, the Tg of epoxy resin obtained by DMA was the lowest, 167.4 °C, which decreased by 11.3 °C compared with that of pure epoxy resin. The SEM result showed that the fracture surface of the composite became obviously rough and had of obvious folds, which was a ductile fracture. These results indicated that the addition of CSC could toughen the epoxy resin.

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“…Epoxy resin is the most widely used thermosetting resin at present, and has been widely used in the fields of coatings, encapsulation, composites and electronic applications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Recently, some bio-based epoxy resin materials extracted from vegetable oils [ 7 ], cardanol [ 8 ], lignin [ 9 ], tannin [ 10 ], isosorbide [ 11 ] and rosin [ 12 ], have been reported. Rosin, which is obtained by heating the fresh resin extracted from pines, is a mixture of 40–60% isomeric abietic-type acids and 9–27% pimaric-type acids with respect to total rosin weight [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Toughening and Strengthening Effects of Cork Particles and Nanocellulose on Rosin-Based Epoxy Resin

Sun

Bai

2022

Polymers

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In order to develop a bio-based epoxy resin with high mechanical and thermal performance, cork particles and nanocellulose were introduced into the rosin-based epoxy resin to improve the toughness, stiffness and thermal stability. The flexural properties of the epoxy composites indicated that the strength and modulus were reduced when the content of cork particles was relatively high (>3%) due to the low stiffness and modulus of cork itself. However, the flexural performance was significantly improved after the addition of 1% nanocellulose. In contrast to the flexural properties, the impact toughness results showed the synergistic toughening effects of nanocellulose and cork particles on the rosin-based epoxy resin. The highest impact toughness of 13.35 KJ/m2 was found in the epoxy composite with 1% cellulose nanofibers and 3% cork particles, an increase of 149.07% compared to the neat epoxy. Cork particle size also had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. Both the flexural and impact results showed first a rise and then a fall with a decrease in the cork size. TGA results indicated cork particles and nanocellulose could have a synergistic enhancing effect on the thermal stability of the rosin-based epoxy resin. This work can add value to rosin and cork waste and widen the industrial applications of the epoxy resin.

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Multifunctional tannin extract-based epoxy derived from waste bark as a highly toughening and strengthening agent for epoxy resin

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Tannin as a renewable raw material for adhesive applications: a review

Tannin as a renewable raw material for adhesive applications: a review

Self-extracted corn-stalk cellulose/epoxy resin composites

The Synergistic Toughening and Strengthening Effects of Cork Particles and Nanocellulose on Rosin-Based Epoxy Resin

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