Multifunctional Structure-Battery Materials for Enhanced Performance in Small Unmanned Air Vehicles

Thomas, James P.; Keennon, Matthew; DuPasquier, Aurelien; Qidwai, Muhammad A.; Matic, Peter

doi:10.1115/imece2003-41512

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A comparable approach was presented by Thomas et al [29,30] integrating thin lithium batteries into the foam core of a CFRP sandwich material. The multifunctional laminates were characterized regarding their energy storing capacity and flexural properties.…”

Section: Integrated Conventional Storages (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Composites for Future Energy Storage in Aerospace Structures

et al. 2018

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Multifunctionalization of fiber-reinforced composites, especially by adding energy storage capabilities, is a promising approach to realize lightweight structural energy storages for future transport vehicles. Compared to conventional energy storage systems, energy density can be increased by reducing parasitic masses of non-energy-storing components and by benefitting from the composite meso-and microarchitectures. In this paper, the most relevant existing approaches towards multifunctional energy storages are reviewed and subdivided into five groups by distinguishing their degree of integration and their scale of multifunctionalization. By introducing a modified range equation for battery-powered electric aircrafts, possible range extensions enabled by multifunctionalization are estimated. Furthermore, general and aerospace specific potentials of multifunctional energy storages are discussed. Representing an intermediate degree of structural integration, experimental results for a multifunctional energy-storing glass fiber-reinforced composite based on the ceramic electrolyte Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ti 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 are presented. Cyclic voltammetry tests are used to characterize the double-layer behavior combined with galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements for capacitance calculation. The capacitance is observed to be unchanged after 1500 charge-discharge cycles revealing a promising potential for future applications. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are assessed by means of four-point bending and tensile tests. Additionally, the influence of mechanical loads on the electrical properties is also investigated, demonstrating the storage stability of the composites.

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Section: Integrated Conventional Storages (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Composites for Future Energy Storage in Aerospace Structures

et al. 2018

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“…For the small-scale aerial vehicle, one of the successful implementation of energy storing/harvesting structure is seen on The Wasp UAV [6,7]. The weight of conventional battery package is eliminated and the flight endurance is enhanced through the structural-battery laminated wing skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric energy harvester composite under dynamic bending with implementation to aircraft wingbox structure

Akbar

Curiel-Sosa

2016

Composite Structures

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Piezoelectric energy harvester composite under dynamic bending with implementation to aircraft wingbox structureDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, S1 3JD Sheffield, United Kingdom AbstractIn this paper, an investigation on the energy harvesting exerted by the dynamic bending responses of a piezoelectric embedded wingbox is presented. An innovative hybrid mathematical/computational scheme is built to evaluate the energy harvested by a mechanical system. The governing voltage differential equations of the piezoelectric composite beam are coupled with the finite element method output. The scheme is able of evaluating various excitation forms including dynamic force and base excitation. Thus, it provides the capability to analyse a complicated structure with a more realistic loading scenario. Application to the simulation of a notional jet aircraft wingbox with a piezoelectric skin layer is shown in some detail. The results pointed out that the electrical power generated can be as much as 25.24 kW for a 14.5 m wingspan. The capabilities and robustness of the scheme are shown by comparison with results from the literature.

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“…Various forms of structural energy storage have been described, 2 and these systems have been proposed for application in communications satellites, 3 spacecraft, 4 ground vehicles, 5 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). [6][7][8][9] Small UAVs are typically powered by rechargeable batteries and are prime candidates for incorporation of a structural battery, for example as part of a wing or fuselage. Incorporation of structural energy storage can theoretically increase the flight endurance time in small UAVs because of the interdependence of the subsystem weights, amount of available energy, and flight endurance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Hudak¹,

Schlichting²,

Eisenbeiser³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fiber electrodes for structural supercapacitors were modified to achieve increases in specific capacitance and energy density. In cyclic voltammetry tests with a liquid electrolyte, the specific capacitance of a commercial carbon fiber fabric weave was 0.84 F g −1 or lower, depending on the sweep rate. Impregnation of the carbon fiber with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or electrochemical functionalization of the carbon fiber increased the capacitance to 3 F g −1 . Electrochemical functionalization of the MWCNT-impregnated carbon fiber further increased the capacitance to 7.2 F g −1 . Electrochemical synthesis and deposition of polyaniline on carbon fiber electrodes increased the electrode capacitance to 26 F g −1 . MWCNT and polyaniline were incorporated into structural supercapacitors made of carbon fiber electrodes, glass fiber separator, and poly(ethylene glycol)-based solid polymer electrolyte. Incorporation of MWCNT increased the specific capacitance and energy density 28-fold, to 125 mF g −1 and 17.4 mWh kg −1 , respectively. Mechanical properties were comparable to previously demonstrated structural energy storage devices. Although the specific capacitance of these solid-state supercapacitors was significantly higher than what was previously demonstrated, the energy density, rate capability, and mechanical performance still require significant improvements for multifunctional structural energy storage devices to be competitive with conventional supercapacitors and carbon fiber composites. In multifunctional material systems, two or more functions are performed by the same material, component, or structural unit.1 The goal in the design of such systems is a smaller volume or mass compared to a combination of corresponding monofunctional elements. One of the most common types of multifunctional material systems is structural energy storage, in which a battery, capacitor, or supercapacitor acts as a structural element for the overall system. Various forms of structural energy storage have been described, 2 and these systems have been proposed for application in communications satellites, 3 spacecraft, 4 ground vehicles, 5 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 6-9Small UAVs are typically powered by rechargeable batteries and are prime candidates for incorporation of a structural battery, for example as part of a wing or fuselage. Incorporation of structural energy storage can theoretically increase the flight endurance time in small UAVs because of the interdependence of the subsystem weights, amount of available energy, and flight endurance. 7,9 Theoretical analysis by our own group predicted as much as 200% increase in flight endurance when structural batteries are fully incorporated into a small UAV. 9Even modest increases in flight time, such as 10% or 20%, would provide significant benefit because missions are often limited to less than an hour endurance.Much of the previous work on structural energy storage has focused on lithium-ion batteries. Some common approaches are to incorporate commerc...

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Multifunctional Structure-Battery Materials for Enhanced Performance in Small Unmanned Air Vehicles

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Multifunctional Composites for Future Energy Storage in Aerospace Structures

Multifunctional Composites for Future Energy Storage in Aerospace Structures

Piezoelectric energy harvester composite under dynamic bending with implementation to aircraft wingbox structure

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

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