Multifunctional structural supercapacitor based on cement/PVA-KOH composite and graphene

Abstract

Multifunctional structural supercapacitor based on the structural electrolyte of cement/PVA-KOH composite and the structural electrode of highly electrically graphene was fabricated with sandwich structure. A bicontinuous microstructure composed of PVA and hardened cement paste is formed. Flexible PVA in cement/PVA-KOH composite increases ions’ accessibility with graphene at the interface between the structural electrode and the structural electrolyte. The addition of KOH changes the structure of PVA from crystalline state to amorphous state. So PVA can complex and discomplex with KOH to realize ionic conduction. The effects of PVA’s content, polymerization degree and hydrolysis degree on the electrochemical properties and mechanical properties were analyzed. The composite’s ionic conductivity increases with PVA’s content and hydrolysis degree, and it shows a tendency of decreasing after increasing with PVA’s polymerization degree. Similarly, the specific capacitance of the structural supercapacitor also increases with PVA’s content and hydrolysis degree, but decreases with PVA’s polymerization degree. Compared with the polymerization degree, the hydrolysis degree plays a more prominent part in affecting the specific capacitance of the structural supercapacitors. For mechanical properties of cement/PVA-KOH composite, the compressive strength is mostly improved by PVA at a content of 2%. It decreases with PVA’s polymerization degree and increases with PVA’s hydrolysis degree. The conflict between the power density and energy density in structural energy storage is eased remarkably and the electrical and mechanical properties can be improved simultaneously. The two chief obstacles are tackled in the PVA1799-based structural supercapacitor.

Flexible and Freestanding MoS2/Graphene Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…Consequently, the structural arrangement of the PVA host gel is sufficiently altered to allow ionic movement within the PVA. 19,22 In the present study, we designed and fabricated a MoS 2 / graphene composite electrode by a ball-milling method and utilized it directly as an electrode for SCs. Further, an electrochemical study was carried out by a symmetric device where the composite (MoS 2 /graphene, 1:9) was used as a freestanding electrode and PVA-KOH as the solid electrolyte.…”

“…The addition of salt (KOH) into the PVA host gel results in the formation of free ions that can eventually interact with the polar groups of PVA. Consequently, the structural arrangement of the PVA host gel is sufficiently altered to allow ionic movement within the PVA. , …”

“…Consequently, the structural arrangement of the PVA host gel is sufficiently altered to allow ionic movement within the PVA. 19 , 22 …”

3D porous cementitious electrolytes with “stream-reservoir” ionic channels for high multifunctional performance structural supercapacitors

“…Such vast “stream-reservoir” space in cementitious electrolyte provides large electrode–electrolyte interfaces and sizeable open channels for unimpeded ion transmission throughout the entire system. 37 Following the previously reported approach, 19 the image analysis technique is adopted to tackle the SEM images to quantitatively characterize the pore structure of the PCE. The area considered here is denoted as the number of pixels (Fig.…”

Investigation of charge and current dynamics in PVA–KOH gel electrolyte-based supercapacitor

“…Also the mechanical properties have been advanced by gaging the PVA content within said graphene-based KOH supercapacitor. By using this approach, the conflict between power density and energy density within the supercapacitor has remarkably enhanced the electrical as well as mechanical properties at the same time [35].…”