Multifunctional Polymers Based on Ionic Liquid and Rose Bengal Fragments for the Conversion of CO₂ to Carbonates

Abstract

Supported ionic liquid-like phases (SILLPs) containing Rose Bengal (RB) units are used to develop organocatalytic systems for the cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxides. The activity of the supported RB fragments can be fine-tuned by controlling the nature of the SILLPs (i.e., substitution at the imidazolium ring, crosslinking degree of the polymeric matrix, loading, etc.). Such a catalytic system prepared from cheap, simple, and commercially available components provides high activity and stability, with no decay in activity for at least 10 days of continuous use under flow conditions.

Towards highly efficient continuous-flow catalytic carbon dioxide cycloadditions with additively manufactured reactors

“…In that work, using similar conditions, lower conversion (39%) was obtained even in the presence of a co-catalyst (63%). 62 The best results reported herein are attributed to the presence of a hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain of imidazolium, which increased the hydrogen bond donor ability of the catalyst. [63][64][65][66] With the best catalyst moiety in hand (SIL1c), digital design of the structured reactor was carried out with the aim to improve the flow dynamics and therefore the performance of the transformations.…”

“…In that work, using similar conditions, lower conversion (39%) was obtained even in the presence of a co-catalyst (63%). 62 The best results reported herein are attributed to the presence of a hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain of imidazolium, which increased the hydrogen bond donor ability of the catalyst. 63–66…”

“…[2][3][4] However, the development of continuous-flow scalable systems for these processes is still in its infancy, generating a gap between academic and industrial protocols. [5][6][7][8] Compared to batch systems, continuous-flow catalytic systems improve mixing, manage heat transfer more efficiently, increase the catalytic performance by improving the contact between the phases, increase productivity by continuously adding reagents and removing products from the reactor and generally speaking provide a more reproducible, scalable, safe and efficient option for performing chemical reactions, which make it an industrially attractive technology. [9][10][11][12][13] The design and manufacture of efficient and scalable catalytic reactors is highly challenging.…”

Efficient Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate from CO2, Phenol, and Carbon Tetrachloride under Mild Conditions

“…Generally, the catalytic performance of a single catalyst is limited. Interestingly, catalytic activity can be significantly improved when a cocatalyst or promoter is added during the reaction. − Therefore, the exploitation of cocatalysts to improve catalytic efficiency is also extremely important for the synthesis of DPC. Recently, triflate salts have been proven to be an effective Lewis acid catalyst or cocatalyst to enhance catalytic performance. − Therefore, a range of triflate salts, including Mg­(OTf) 2 , Zn­(OTf) 2 , Y­(OTf) 3 , and Cu­(OTf) 2 , were chosen to investigate the effect of cocatalysts on the synthesis of DPC from CO 2 and phenol, and the results are presented in Table .…”

Advances in Thermo-, Photo-, and Electrocatalytic Continuous Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Liquid Chemicals

“…Valverde et al developed an organocatalyst having IL and Rose Bengal units for the formation of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of CO 2 to required epoxides. The catalyst was tested under batch and continuous modes and showed tremendous activity under continuous mode for 10 days without showing appreciable loss in activity . Rioux et al developed a continuous method for the direct conversion of olefins to respective cyclic carbonates through epoxidation followed by carboxylation (Figure ).…”